{
  "abstract": "Observations suggest a connection between steady-wind mass loss and coronal X-ray activity in low-mass main-sequence stars. Interpreting this connection is challenging because the wind is controlled mainly by the large-scale open field, whereas X-ray emission traces heating in small-scale closed fields often unresolved in global wind models. Here we use Space Weather Modelling Framework-Alfvén-Wave Solar Model with global convective dynamo-generated magnetic maps and solar magnetograms. We model Alfvén-wave-heated winds for four solar-type stars plus the Sun, spanning rotation rates of $1.0$--$23.3$ times the solar rate, and magnetic field strengths of $6.0$--$1200$ G. Our models show that faster rotation yields a more tightly wound spiral, a larger Alfvén surface, higher terminal wind speeds, and a harsher wind-pressure environment for orbiting exoplanets, different from that of the present-day Sun. We estimate the mass- and angular-momentum-loss rates and find systematic differences from Zeeman-Doppler Imaging-based predictions. Building on the successful reproduction of X-ray coronae in our Paper~I, we obtain the first self-consistent activity--wind relation in a unified modelling framework: the mass-loss rate scales with the surface X-ray flux following a power law with an index of ${\\sim}0.67$. We also re-examine magnetic braking via open-flux magnetisation, finding that the effective Alfvénic lever arm depends on the magnetisation parameter with a power-law index of ${\\sim}0.35$. Finally, we quantify the stellar wind pressure at the orbits of several super-Earths. Together with our Paper~I, the series of results shows the distinct roles of multi-scale magnetic fields and provides physically grounded inputs for assessing habitable-zone space weather.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.28067",
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yue-Hong Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Julián D. Alvarado-Gómez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xin Cheng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Victor See"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yu Dai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maarit J. Korpi-Lagg"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jörn Warnecke"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chen Xing"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mingde Ding"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9h55avs79gxcr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.28067",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9h55avs79gxcr",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28067",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.SR"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214221602",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.28067",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9h55avs79gxcr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:56Z",
      "native_id": "2609.28067",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28067"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.SR",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "High-Resolution Modelling of Coronae and Winds in Solar-type Stars with Varying Rotation Rates II. Stellar Winds",
  "title_text": "High-Resolution Modelling of Coronae and Winds in Solar-type Stars with Varying Rotation Rates II. Stellar Winds",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T15:20:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9h55avs79gxcr",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}