{
  "abstract": "INTRODUCTIONIndividual lifestyle, behavioural and health-related factors are associated with the risk of developing dementia. However, the co-occurrence of these factors, which are likely to form distinct patterns, in relation to dementia risk has been understudied.\n\nMETHODSThe sample included 151,832 UK Biobank participants aged 60-69 years. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns among participants with two or more of the following risk factors: high alcohol consumption, high body weight, depression, diabetes, poor diet, hypertension, physical inactivity, visual impairment, hearing impairment, sleep disturbance, smoking, social isolation, traumatic brain injury, and vitamin D deficiency. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the associations between identified risk factor patterns and incident dementia ascertained through hospital and death records.\n\nRESULTSOver a median follow-up of 13 years, 5,304 participants developed dementia. Six risk factor classes were identified. Compared to participants with zero or one risk factor, all classes were associated with dementia risk: multiple risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.11-2.68), hearing loss and unhealthy lifestyle (HR=1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.55), sleep and psychosocial factors (HR=1.34, 95% CI 1.20-1.49), poor cardiometabolic health (HR=1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46), heavy drinking and unhealthy lifestyle (HR=1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35), and vitamin D deficiency, sedentary and psychosocial factors (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.03-1.35).\n\nDISCUSSIONWe identified risk factor patterns that were differentially associated with dementia risk. These findings suggest that accounting for the co-occurrence of risk factors might be an effective approach for risk stratification and developing effective dementia prevention strategies.\n\nHighlightsO_LIThere is limited research on identifying clusters of lifestyle, behavioural, and health-related factors linked to dementia risk. C_LIO_LISix distinct classes of modifiable dementia risk factor patterns were identified in UK Biobank participants. C_LIO_LIAll classes were associated with higher dementia risk, strongest for those with multiple coexisting risk factors. C_LIO_LIThe findings support the importance of multi-domain approaches to dementia prevention. C_LI",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Y. Uejima"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. M. Calvin"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Kuzma"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. J. Littlejohns"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9h6jfwepvtmgg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.24.26363838",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.26363838v1.full",
  "id": "9h6jfwepvtmgg",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.26363838v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "epidemiology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214305740",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.26363838v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9h6jfwepvtmgg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:23Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.24.26363838",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.24.26363838v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:epidemiology",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Patterns of modifiable lifestyle, behavioural and health-related risk factors and their associations with incident dementia in UK Biobank",
  "title_text": "Patterns of modifiable lifestyle, behavioural and health-related risk factors and their associations with incident dementia in UK Biobank",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9h6jfwepvtmgg",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}