{
  "abstract": "Gravitational waves (GWs) induce quantum transitions between photon orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) states with amplitudes $α_{\\pm}$. Exploiting this effect, we present a displacement-noise-free detection framework that extracts GW information from the OAM Hilbert space. Parametrized quantum state tomography of the GW-induced OAM sidebands enables a single V-shaped detector to resolve all seven wave parameters: the frequency, propagation direction, two polarization amplitudes, and initial phase of each polarization. Direct detection of the sidebands yields a weak signal of approximately $10^{-15}\\,\\mathrm{W}$. We therefore introduce a stronger reference state $r |0>_{\\mathrm{P}}$, with $r=0.01$, to enhance the detected signal. For an arm length of $L=4\\,\\mathrm{m}$, $N=160$ round trips, a paraxial parameter of $γ=0.1$, an incident light power of $P_{\\mathrm{BS}}=10\\,\\mathrm{kW}$, a wavelength of $λ_{\\mathrm{opt}}=1064\\,\\mathrm{nm}$, and GW amplitudes of $A=10^{-18}$, we estimate sideband transition amplitudes of $|α_{\\pm}|\\sim10^{-10}$ and signal powers of order $1\\,\\mathrm{nW}$, scaling as $P_{\\mathrm{BS}}α_{\\pm}\\propto P_{\\mathrm{BS}}ANLγ/λ_{\\mathrm{opt}}$. The shot-noise-limited sensitivity floor is $S^{1/2}_n=1.6\\times10^{-20}\\,\\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$. Because the scheme measures OAM transition amplitudes rather than differential arm lengths, it is intrinsically free from displacement noise and provides a broadband probe of GWs, specifically bridging the $0.1$--$10\\,\\mathrm{Hz}$ mid-frequency gap.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.21112",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Haorong Wu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xilong Fan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lixiang Chen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9j1fercceg7vv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.21112",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9j1fercceg7vv",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21112",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.IM"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ins-det"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222575733",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.21112",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9j1fercceg7vv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:50Z",
      "native_id": "2610.21112",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21112"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.IM",
      "subfield": "instrumentation-methods"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ins-det",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Displacement-noise-free gravitational-wave detector using quantum tomography of photon orbital angular momentum states",
  "title_text": "Displacement-noise-free gravitational-wave detector using quantum tomography of photon orbital angular momentum states",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9j1fercceg7vv",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}