{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 public health emergency altered enteric infection surveillance, diagnostic testing, and antibiotic prescribing. We compared pathogen/testing composition among post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) cases stratified by whether index gastroenteritis occurred before, during, or after the emergency. Methods: This single-centre retrospective case series included 138 adults with clinician-diagnosed PI-IBS classified as Rome IV-compatible by chart adjudication. Index gastroenteritis occurred from January 2019 to December 2024; existing clinical records were reviewed retrospectively. The primary comparison was a five-category pathogen/testing profile. Results: The profile differed across pre-pandemic (n = 30), pandemic (n = 39), and post-emergency (n = 69) periods (χ2 = 35.56, p < 0.001; Cramér V = 0.36, 95% CI 0.30–0.48). Bacterial/protozoal cases represented 63.3%, 7.7%, and 33.3%, respectively; SARS-CoV-2-associated cases represented 0%, 35.9%, and 13.0%. Antibiotic exposure was 56.7%, 12.8%, and 33.3%. In an exploratory adjusted model, confirmed enteric pathogens were associated with antibiotic exposure (OR 16.28, 95% CI 3.03–87.35), whereas period was not. Sensitivity analyses excluding SARS-CoV-2 cases and period-crossing diagnoses were concordant. Conclusions: Pathogen/testing and antibiotic-exposure profiles differed across periods among diagnosed PI-IBS cases. These data describe case composition, not incidence or causal risk, and cannot separate infection ecology from diagnostic behaviour.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Internal Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Türkiye",
    "Department of Gastroenterology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Erhan Bozkurt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Osman Sağlam",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0779-992X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alper Sarı"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Murat Ay",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7741-9067"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Oğuzhan Köse"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alper Emre Kurt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ali Arda Demir"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mesut Çeliker"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9jw19b5dhj5hm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15197729",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666457/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "9jw19b5dhj5hm",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666457",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2715|Gastrointestinal motility and disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221084096",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666457/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13666457",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9jw19b5dhj5hm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13666457",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666457"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:00Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15197729",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/19/7729"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2715|Gastrointestinal motility and disorders",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pathogen and Testing Profiles in Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome Across the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: A Retrospective Case Series",
  "title_text": "Pathogen and Testing Profiles in Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome Across the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: A Retrospective Case Series",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9jw19b5dhj5hm",
  "venue": "Journal of clinical medicine",
  "versions": []
}