{
  "abstract": "The projected offset of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) from its host galaxy is an important diagnostic of its physical origin, where the host associations are usually evaluated through chance-coincidence probabilities. However, as shown by observations, the host associations given by this approach may be ambiguous in some cases. In this work, we revisit the modelling of the offsets of double-neutron-star (DNS) mergers with controlled numerical experiments using Monte Carlo simulations. To isolate the dynamical effects of the second supernova (SN) from uncertainties in the upstream binary evolution, we parametrize the direct progenitor of DNSs and integrate the post-SN trajectories in galactic potentials using galpy . Complementary to previous population synthesis calculations, our Monte Carlo tool, GRB-offset , provides a lightweight framework to identify sensitivities and expose degeneracies in offset modelling. With GRB-offset , we have investigated the following physical ingredients: SN physics (ejected mass and kick velocity), galactic potential (potential shape, galaxy virial mass), DNS birth location, star formation history, and redshift. The offset distributions given by our reference Monte Carlo simulation peak at around 30 and 1000 kpc for the DNSs bound to and unbound from the host galaxy, which sensitively depends on the considered physical ingredients. A given offset can arise from various combinations of these ingredients, introducing substantial degeneracies when interpreting observed offsets. Therefore, an observed offset alone can hardly constrain the properties of the DNS progenitor and of the host galaxies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Shanghai Jiao-Tong University",
    "Nanjing University",
    "Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University)",
    "Universität Bonn"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiao-Tian 啸天 Xu 徐",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9565-9462"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bin-Bin Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4111-5958"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Wenjie Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Suoning Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-0474-7099"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9k36r2ze3hm9x.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aeb027",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9k36r2ze3hm9x",
  "issns": [
    "1538-4357",
    "0004-637X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aeb027",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "astronomy/general"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aeb027/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9k36r2ze3hm9x.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:20:12Z",
      "native_id": "10.3847/1538-4357/aeb027",
      "source": "feed-iop",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aeb027"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:20:35Z",
      "native_id": "10.3847/1538-4357/aeb027",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aeb027"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Large Offsets of Double-neutron-star Mergers: Degeneracies and Implications for Host Associations",
  "title_text": "Large Offsets of Double-neutron-star Mergers: Degeneracies and Implications for Host Associations",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T00:20:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9k36r2ze3hm9x",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal",
  "versions": []
}