{
  "abstract": "In November 2024, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the fourteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2020.0, a main field model for epoch 2025.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2025.0 to 2030.0. We describe the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this fourteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination, and total field intensity for the model at 2025.0 and maps of the predicted rate of change of the field for the 2025.0 to 2030.0 time period.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK",
    "Division of Geomagnetism and Geospace, DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, Centrifugevej 356, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark",
    "CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-Lab, Grenoble, Grenoble, France",
    "University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Bab-Ezzouar, Algeria",
    "Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, LPG UMR 6112, Nantes, France",
    "Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France",
    "Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany",
    "Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA",
    "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, USA",
    "Instituto de Geociencias IGEO, Madrid, Spain",
    "Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain",
    "Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, ISTerre, Grenoble, France",
    "GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany",
    "School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK",
    "Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GC RAS), Moscow, Russia",
    "Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France",
    "University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany",
    "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA",
    "School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
    "University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany",
    "CEA-Leti, Université Grenoble Alpes, MINATEC, Grenoble, France",
    "Macau Institute of Space Technology and Application, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, Macau, China",
    "School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK",
    "Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Paris, France",
    "Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan",
    "Kobe University, Kobe, Japan",
    "Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Japan",
    "SHOM, Brest, France",
    "Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 85,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ciarán Beggan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2298-0578"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Clemens Kloss",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6899-904X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Pierre‐Olivier Amblard",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7695-7728"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "T. Amezza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hagay Amit",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6644-534X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Julien Aubert",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2756-0724"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Julien Baerenzung",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0607-3695"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jonas Bregnhøj Lauridsen"
    },
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "W. Brown"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Samuel T Califf",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7017-0916"
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    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Saioa A. Campuzano",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7047-5704"
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    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Louis Chauvet",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1467-9136"
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    {
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        7,
        8
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      "name": "Arnaud Chulliat",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7414-9631"
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      "name": "Régis Claveau"
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      "name": "Pierdavide Coïsson",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4155-2111"
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      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "M. da Silva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "C Davies"
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    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Robin Deborde",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-0735-2370"
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    {
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        14
      ],
      "name": "M. Dobrovolsky"
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        7
      ],
      "name": "Martin Fillion",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5733-7796"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Christopher C. Finlay",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4592-2290"
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        14
      ],
      "name": "Ilya Firsov",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7283-9679"
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        5
      ],
      "name": "Alexandre Fournier",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3276-0496"
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        15
      ],
      "name": "Lydie Gailler",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8132-2428"
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    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Nicolas Gillet",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2219-1026"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "N. Gómez Pérez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7751-2686"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "Alexander V. Grayver",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1132-3705"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "Kyle Gwirtz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3024-0756"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "M. Hamoudi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        18
      ],
      "name": "R. Holme"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        19
      ],
      "name": "M. Holschneider",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3987-105X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Gauthier Hulot",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8011-3096"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        20
      ],
      "name": "T. Jager"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        21
      ],
      "name": "Y. Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "M. Kada"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "M. Korte"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "R. Krasnoperov"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "W. Kuang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Dmitry V. Kudin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9174-224X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        20
      ],
      "name": "J.M. Leger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "A. Lemgharb"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Vincent Lesur",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2568-320X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        21
      ],
      "name": "P. Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Philip W. Livermore",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7591-6716"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        22
      ],
      "name": "Frederik Dahl Madsen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0621-1541"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        23
      ],
      "name": "Mioara Mandéa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4300-981X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        24
      ],
      "name": "M. Matsushima"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Jürgen Matzka",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9926-2796"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Ingo Michaelis",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9741-4063"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        25
      ],
      "name": "T. Minami"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "M. Nair"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        26
      ],
      "name": "S. Nakano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        27
      ],
      "name": "J-F. Oehler"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nils Olsen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1132-6113"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Fco. Javier Pavón–Carrasco",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5545-3769"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Sergey Presnyakov",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8710-5494"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        28
      ],
      "name": "B. Qian"
    },
    {
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        28
      ],
      "name": "X. Rang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "H. F. Rogers",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1508-2833"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Martin Röther"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kksxh178cg21.bib",
  "cited_by": 14,
  "doi": "10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9kksxh178cg21",
  "issns": [
    "1343-8832",
    "1880-5981"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies"
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      "1908|Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies"
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  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-29",
  "publisher": "Springer Nature",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kksxh178cg21.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:48Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
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    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1908|Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies",
      "subfield": "geophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation",
  "title_text": "International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kksxh178cg21",
  "venue": "Earth Planets and Space",
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