{
  "abstract": "We previously reported that two of three patients with severe Usutu virus (USUV) disease carried circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (AAN-I-IFN). Here, we studied four additional patients, bringing the total number of European patients with life-threatening USUV infection to seven (Austria, n = 1; France, n = 1; Hungary, n = 4; Italy, n = 1). Three of these patients (all male, aged 43, 77, and 78 years, one French and two Hungarian) had blood auto-Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml IFN-α2 and IFN-ω and at least 1 ng/ml IFN-β. They suffered from meningitis (n = 1), meningoencephalitis (n = 1), or myocarditis (n = 1). The other four patients were similar demographically and clinically but had no detectable AAN-I-IFN. No AAN-I-IFN were found in the 63 individuals with silent USUV infection tested (P = 6.4 × 10-4, Fisher's exact test). These AAN-I-IFN increased the risk of life-threatening USUV disease by 98.8-fold (95% CI: 4.12-2,369; P = 0.0046, Firth's bias-corrected logistic regression) and, thus, account for almost half the cases of life-threatening USUV infection in Europe.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.",
    "Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute , Paris, France.",
    "St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.",
    "Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.",
    "Host-Pathogen Interaction Group and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital (Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo) , Pavia, Italy.",
    "School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , Lausanne, Switzerland.",
    "Microbiology Unit, University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.",
    "Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.",
    "Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital (Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo), Pavia, Italy.",
    "Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.",
    "Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.",
    "Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.",
    "Pediatric Unit, University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.",
    "Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.",
    "Department of Arbovirology and Entomology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.",
    "Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.",
    "Virus Metagenomics and Evolution, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.",
    "Medical University of Vienna, Center for Virology , Vienna, Austria.",
    "Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mother, Child and Adolescent Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.",
    "Établissement Français du Sang , La Plaine Saint-Denis, France.",
    "National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute , Marseille, France.",
    "Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille University, Corsica University, IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IRBA , Marseille, France.",
    "National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy , Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM , Montpellier, France.",
    "Howard Hughes Medical Institute , New York, NY, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 29,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0,
        1
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      "name": "Adrian Gervais",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1083-5787"
    },
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        2,
        3
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      "name": "Paul Bastard",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5926-8437"
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        1
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      "name": "Lucy Bizien",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9163-9122"
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        4,
        5
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      "name": "Francesca Trespidi",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-7206-6796"
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    {
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        4
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      "name": "Micol Angelini",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7255-4115"
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    {
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        6
      ],
      "name": "Giada Rossini",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-2983-4578"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Tiziana Lazzarotto",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3093-363X"
    },
    {
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        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Fausto Baldanti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3358-8969"
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    {
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        8,
        9
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      "name": "Francesca Rovida",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2345-2790"
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        10
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      "name": "Alessandro Ferrari",
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      "name": "Alessandro Mancon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1490-636X"
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        11
      ],
      "name": "Davide Mileto",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9414-0287"
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    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Irene Cassaniti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3385-2088"
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    {
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        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Conti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3665-8926"
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    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4433-0231"
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    {
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        14,
        16
      ],
      "name": "Dániel Cadar",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8063-2766"
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    {
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        17
      ],
      "name": "David M Florian",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-2086-843X"
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    {
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        4,
        5,
        18,
        19
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      "name": "Alessandro Borghesi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8773-9144"
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        2
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      "name": "Anne Puel",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2603-0323"
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        20
      ],
      "name": "Céline Delifer",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-6001-8921"
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    {
      "affs": [
        20
      ],
      "name": "Pierre Tiberghien",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9310-8322"
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    {
      "affs": [
        21,
        22
      ],
      "name": "Xavier de Lamballerie",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7895-2720"
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    {
      "affs": [
        21,
        22
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      "name": "Guillaume André Durand",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3348-9618"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "Judith H Aberle",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1197-3935"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        23
      ],
      "name": "Anna Nagy",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4081-2308"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        24
      ],
      "name": "Yannick Simonin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3475-1369"
    },
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2
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      "name": "Aurélie Cobat",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7209-6257"
    },
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shen-Ying Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9449-3672"
    },
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        25
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      "name": "Jean-Laurent Casanova",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7782-4169"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kngm6rz8m15z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.70962/jhi.20260092",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13729882",
  "id": "9kngm6rz8m15z",
  "issns": [
    "3065-8993"
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  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42975317",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Autoimmunity"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Infections and Auto-Antibodies"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Infectious Diseases and Population Genetics"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Phenocopies of Inborn Errors"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Mosquito-borne diseases and control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225155578",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13729882?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13729882",
  "pmid": "42975317",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "The Rockefeller University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kngm6rz8m15z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42975317",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42975317"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:22:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13729882",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.70962/jhi.20260092"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Mosquito-borne diseases and control",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Type I IFN autoantibodies in three of seven Europeans with life-threatening Usutu virus infection.",
  "title_text": "Type I IFN autoantibodies in three of seven Europeans with life-threatening Usutu virus infection.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:22:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kngm6rz8m15z",
  "venue": "Journal of human immunity",
  "versions": []
}