{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nLarge-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants are a common complication of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), increasing the risk of obstetric trauma and long-term metabolic disorders. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are modifiable maternal factors, but their joint impact on LGA in sub-high-altitude, multiethnic populations remain unclear.Objective\n\nTo examine the independent and combined associations of ppBMI and GWG with LGA risk among women with GDM in a sub-high-altitude, multiethnic region of southwestern China.Methods\n\nIn this retrospective cohort study, clinical data from 407 women with GDM, diagnosed according to the Chinese national guideline (WS 331-2011) at 24-28 weeks of gestation, were analyzed. ppBMI and GWG were categorized according to national criteria. LGA was defined using Chinese birth weight references, with sensitivity analyses applying INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated independent and combined associations, adjusting for maternal age, infant sex, and gestational age at delivery. Sensitivity analyses additionally accounted for maternal insulin use, parity, and gravidity.Results\n\nWomen with overweight/obese ppBMI combined with excessive GWG had the highest risk of LGA (adjusted OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.61-10.11). Excessive GWG among normal/underweight women showed a non-significant trend toward increased LGA risk (adjusted OR 2.60, 95% CI 0.95-7.14). Male infant sex was consistently associated with higher LGA odds. Findings were robust across sensitivity analyses and alternative birth weight standards.Conclusions\n\nElevated ppBMI combined with excessive GWG is associated with higher LGA risk in women with GDM in sub-high-altitude, multiethnic regions. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating, and may inform hypotheses for future research on BMI-stratified gestational weight patterns and potential intervention strategies. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these associations and optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China.",
    "Department of Nursing, Yongping County People's Hospital, Dali, Yunnan, China.",
    "Department of Emergency, Yongping County People's Hospital, Dali, Yunnan, China.",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongping County People's Hospital, Dali, Yunnan, China.",
    "Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China. younuo12@sina.com.",
    "Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China. zxl1246@126.com.",
    "Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200433, China. 17211170013@fudan.edu.cn."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shuhua Qian"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jianqin Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yan Tian"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qian Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rujuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jianjie Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lei Shu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Xinli Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jiahui He",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-7780-3162"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kp8wqynktj3g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12884-026-09694-x",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13688827",
  "id": "9kp8wqynktj3g",
  "issns": [
    "1471-2393"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42907773",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RG1-991"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2729|Gestational Diabetes Research and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170724672",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13688827?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13688827",
  "pmid": "42907773",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kp8wqynktj3g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42907773",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42907773"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:46:32Z",
      "native_id": "4adceb565a974da3a359c8eaa828bbdc",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-09694-x"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2729|Gestational Diabetes Research and Management",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with large-for-gestational-age in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Southwestern China.",
  "title_text": "Associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with large-for-gestational-age in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Southwestern China.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:46:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9kp8wqynktj3g",
  "venue": "BMC pregnancy and childbirth",
  "versions": []
}