{
  "abstract": "This study experimentally and theoretically investigates the electrically induced transition of a gas-focused liquid jet into a rim-emitting sheet. Ultra-high-speed imaging was used to examine the effects of applied voltage, gas and liquid flow rates, and liquid properties on sheet formation and breakup. Fully developed, quasi-stable sheets formed with ethanol, whereas isopropanol exhibited only initial sheet formation. Increasing voltage promoted sheet stretching, finer and more numerous rim jets, and a narrower spray. Higher gas flow rates shifted the transition towards the nozzle and produced finer structures, while higher liquid flow rates generated larger sheets with thicker rims. A first-order theoretical model assumes an equipotential interface and neglects finite charge relaxation, hydrodynamic perturbations, and nonlinear evolution. It balances destabilizing Maxwell-pressure perturbations against restoring capillary-pressure perturbations on a conducting cylindrical jet. The model identifies the elliptic azimuthal mode, m = 2, as the first unstable mode leading to sheet formation and predicts a critical electric Bond number of 3. Predicted onset voltages agree with measurements within 20%, and the threshold was consistent with published ramified-electrospray observations. The agreement with experiments supports electrocapillary symmetry breaking as the mechanism of onset and provides a compact, physically grounded criterion for predicting the transition from electrified jets to rim-emitting sheets.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.16585",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Bor Zupan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jernej Kušar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Božidar Šarler"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9mqs8zjwd0cm0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.16585",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9mqs8zjwd0cm0",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16585",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221769138",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.16585",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9mqs8zjwd0cm0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
      "native_id": "2610.16585",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16585"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.flu-dyn",
      "subfield": "fluid-dynamics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Onset condition of the ramified-jet regime: an experimental and theoretical study",
  "title_text": "Onset condition of the ramified-jet regime: an experimental and theoretical study",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9mqs8zjwd0cm0",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}