{
  "abstract": "Purpose\n\nTo investigate the association between visual crowding and vision-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with glaucoma.Methods\n\nThis cross-sectional study included 50 patients diagnosed with POAG. Visual crowding was quantified by measuring the critical spacing (Scritical). The Scritical was assessed in each visual field quadrant. For each eye, a global Scritical was calculated as the mean of the eligible quadrant-specific values. Vision-related QoL was assessed using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), scored using Rasch analysis. Associations between the Scritical and the NEI VFQ-25 Rasch-calibrated scores were examined using generalized estimating equations, with multivariable models adjusted for age and standard automated perimetry 24-2 mean deviation.Results\n\nAmong 50 patients with POAG (93 eyes; mean age, 67.9 ± 9.2 years), the mean Rasch-calibrated NEI VFQ-25 score was 59.9 ± 18.8. In univariable analyses, each 1-degree increase in the better-eye global Scritical was associated with a 5.69-point lower NEI VFQ-25 score (95% confidence interval, -10.43 to -0.96; P = 0.018), and each 1-degree increase in the worse-eye Scritical was associated with a 2.23-point lower score (95% confidence interval, -4.38 to -0.08; P = 0.042). In multivariable analysis adjusting for age and standard automated perimetry mean deviation, the better-eye Scritical remained independently associated with a worse QoL (-5.02 points per degree; 95% confidence interval, -9.59 to -0.45; P = 0.031).Conclusions\n\nVisual crowding is independently associated with worse vision-related QoL in patients with glaucoma, even after adjustment for standard perimetric loss. These findings suggest that visual crowding captures clinically meaningful aspects of visual dysfunction beyond conventional perimetry.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States.",
    "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Marcus Guerreiro-Filho"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Davina A Malek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ali Azizi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ivan M Tavares",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2220-7603"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Felipe A Medeiros"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9mvphwxeaqpbc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1167/iovs.67.12.13",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13657127",
  "id": "9mvphwxeaqpbc",
  "issns": [
    "0146-0404",
    "1552-5783"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42841590",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2731|Glaucoma and retinal disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220854151",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13657127?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13657127",
  "pmid": "42841590",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9mvphwxeaqpbc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42841590",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42841590"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2731|Glaucoma and retinal disorders",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effect of Visual Crowding on Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients.",
  "title_text": "Effect of Visual Crowding on Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9mvphwxeaqpbc",
  "venue": "Investigative ophthalmology & visual science",
  "versions": []
}