{
  "abstract": "The pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bloodstream infection is shaped by biofilm formation and the type III secretion system (T3SS). We characterised the biofilm-associated and T3SS genotypes of 100 non-duplicate bloodstream isolates and tested whether either trait co-segregates with antimicrobial resistance. Biofilm was assessed by Congo red agar (CRA) and the quantitative microtiter plate (MTP) assay; biofilm-associated (pslA, pelA, ppyR) and T3SS effector (exoS, exoY, exoT, exoU) genes by conventional PCR; and susceptibility by an automated system interpreted with EUCAST criteria. Biofilm was detected in 84% of isolates by MTP and 25% by CRA (Cohen's κ = 0.16). pslA was present in 100%, pelA and ppyR in 99%; all isolates carried exoY and exoT, exoS was found in 88% and exoU in 27%. Multidrug resistance was 15%. Biofilm phenotype was unrelated to resistance. In contrast, levofloxacin resistance was more frequent among exoU-positive isolates (29.6% vs. 9.6%; p = 0.024), and this association survived adjustment for biofilm phenotype and hospital unit in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.20-12.67). However, the association did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons or after excluding exoS/exoU co-positive isolates. The exoU-fluoroquinolone relationship is therefore presented as an exploratory, hypothesis-generating finding that requires confirmation by reference susceptibility testing and clonal characterisation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Denizli State Hospital, Merkezefendi, 20010 Denizli, Turkey.",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, 20160 Denizli, Turkey."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hazel Malaş İren",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-3702-6530"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ergun Mete",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0854-2440"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9p0pavcaf32j3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/pathogens15101052",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708411",
  "id": "9p0pavcaf32j3",
  "issns": [
    "2076-0817"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931204",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220420336",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708411?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13708411",
  "pmid": "42931204",
  "published": "2026-10-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9p0pavcaf32j3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42931204",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931204"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Type III Secretion System Genotypes and Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Isolates: An Exploratory Analysis of the exoU-Fluoroquinolone Association.",
  "title_text": "Type III Secretion System Genotypes and Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Isolates: An Exploratory Analysis of the exoU-Fluoroquinolone Association.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9p0pavcaf32j3",
  "venue": "Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}