{
  "abstract": "Bacteria sense, respond, and adapt to rapidly changing environments through highly sensitive intracellular networks. Among them, cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a well-characterized second messenger controlling the transition from planktonic to sessile lifestyles, making it a key determinant of bacterial adaptation and survival. Two main approaches have been developed to investigate c-di-GMP dynamics. The first uses biological biosensors for live-cell monitoring of intracellular c-di-GMP through transcriptional reporters, RNA-based sensors, or protein-based sensors. Their main advantage is real-time, spatiotemporal analysis in living cells, although they generally do not provide absolute quantification. The second approach relies on analytical chemistry, particularly liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which enables sensitive and accurate quantification of intracellular c-di-GMP across diverse bacterial species. However, the lack of standardized extraction protocols and the need for cell lysis prevent real-time measurements, providing only a snapshot of the total c-di-GMP pool. These approaches are complementary: biosensors reveal dynamic, single-cell responses, whereas LC-MS/MS provides precise global quantification. Nevertheless, most studies rely on only one method, limiting a comprehensive understanding of c-di-GMP biology. Combining both approaches would provide a more integrated view of c-di-GMP signaling and its role in bacterial physiology.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Antoine Augias"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charlotte Nirma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karine Vallée"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sophie Rodrigues"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yvann Bourigault"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9p1aty8ezmrtx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/applmicrobiol6090105",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9p1aty8ezmrtx",
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    "2673-8007"
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  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05772074v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05772074/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-03",
  "publisher": "MDPI",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9p1aty8ezmrtx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:44Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05772074",
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      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05772074v1"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.mp",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.bio",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    },
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:1.chim.anal",
      "subfield": "analytical"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Quantifying c-di-GMP: A Call for Integration of Biological and Chemical Approaches",
  "title_text": "Quantifying c-di-GMP: A Call for Integration of Biological and Chemical Approaches",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9p1aty8ezmrtx",
  "venue": "Applied Microbiology",
  "versions": []
}