{
  "abstract": "The development of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for genotoxicity testing is needed to support the transition toward animal-free human-relevant chemical genotoxicity assessment. In this context, we investigated the predictive power of two transcriptomic biomarkers developed in 2D cell systems (GENOMARK and TGx-DDI) in metabolically active 3D HepaRG spheroids to classify chemicals as genotoxic (GTx) or non-genotoxic (NGTx). Human-hepatic HepaRG spheroids were treated for 72 h with three different groups of chemicals: (i) five genotoxic chemicals: Lasiocarpine, cyclophosphamide, ethyl methanesulfonate, aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene; (ii) five non-genotoxic non-carcinogens: Aflatoxin B2, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-mannitol, caffeine, ampicillin trihydrate; and (iii) five non-genotoxic carcinogens: Perfluorooctanoic acid, diethanolamine, thioacetamide, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Gene expression data from the treated HepaRG spheroids were collected using the high-throughput TempO-Seq technology and analyzed with the transcriptomic biomarkers GENOMARK and TGx-DDI. Results with both biomarkers generally aligned with existing knowledge for all three groups of tested chemicals, effectively distinguishing genotoxic from non-genotoxic chemicals. The results of this study indicate that combining the 3D HepaRG spheroid model with transcriptomic biomarkers offers a promising, human-relevant approach to complement traditional in vitro genotoxicity tests.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mariam Saleh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kevin Hogeveen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anouck Thienpont"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emmanuel Demuynck"
    },
    {
      "name": "Valérie Fessard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Birgit Mertens"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ludovic Le Hégarat"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9s1px8srqgaj0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/toxsci/kfag095",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9s1px8srqgaj0",
  "issns": [
    "1096-6080",
    "1096-6099"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://anses.hal.science/anses-05799783v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sdv.tox"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7203978818",
  "pdf_url": "https://anses.hal.science/anses-05799783/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9s1px8srqgaj0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:57Z",
      "native_id": "anses-05799783",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://anses.hal.science/anses-05799783v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:0.sdv",
      "subfield": "general"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.tox",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Advancing genotoxicity assessment with transcriptomic biomarkers: from 2D to 3D HepaRG spheroid models",
  "title_text": "Advancing genotoxicity assessment with transcriptomic biomarkers: from 2D to 3D HepaRG spheroid models",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9s1px8srqgaj0",
  "venue": "Toxicological Sciences",
  "versions": []
}