{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nThe gut microbiota may influence host immunity, but the relationship between specific microbial genera and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk remains uncertain. We evaluated genetically proxied microbial abundance and conducted separate exploratory experiments with sodium butyrate (NaB).Methods\n\nTwo-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) used genus-level MiBioGen summary statistics and FinnGen/OpenGWAS NSCLC data (finn-b-C3_LUNG_NONSMALL; 1,627 cases and 217,165 controls). Instruments were selected at P < 1 × 10⁻⁵ with linkage disequilibrium clumping (r² < 0.001; 10,000 kb) and F > 10. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the primary estimator; Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (BH-FDR) correction was applied across 119 genera. Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger, weighted median, mode-based methods, heterogeneity, pleiotropy and leave-one-out analyses. NaB, used as a representative microbial metabolite rather than a taxon-specific product, was evaluated at 1 mM for 24 h in tumor-conditioned medium (TCM) experiments.Results\n\nSix genera showed nominal inverse IVW associations with NSCLC risk (P = 0.0120-0.0498): Alistipes, Methanobrevibacter, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Ruminococcus 1 and Peptococcus. None survived BH-FDR correction (q = 0.6072-0.9819). Sensitivity tests did not detect heterogeneity or directional pleiotropy for these genera, but alternative estimators and leave-one-out analyses did not consistently retain nominal significance. In THP-1-derived macrophages, NaB treatment altered polarization-associated transcripts, reduced the TCM-associated CCK-8 signal and increased acetylated histone H3 (Ac-H3) relative to TCM alone.Conclusion\n\nThe MR analysis identifies six suggestive microbial associations with NSCLC risk that require independent replication. Complementary NaB experiments show changes in macrophage-associated transcripts, metabolic viability and histone acetylation, providing a basis for further study of microbial metabolites in the tumor microenvironment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , ,",
    "Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Weili Yi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Li Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dongning Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fang Wu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9txs6qxw3n304.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2026.1900040",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719139/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "9txs6qxw3n304",
  "issns": [
    "1664-8021"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719139",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Gut microbiota and health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222359438",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719139/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13719139",
  "pmid": "42960072",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9txs6qxw3n304.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13719139",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719139"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:46Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42960072",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42960072"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:01Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13719139",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2026.1900040"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Gut microbiota and health",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Genetic associations in the gut–lung axis: a Mendelian randomization study and in vitro assessment of sodium butyrate in non-small cell lung cancer",
  "title_text": "Genetic associations in the gut–lung axis: a Mendelian randomization study and in vitro assessment of sodium butyrate in non-small cell lung cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:23:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9txs6qxw3n304",
  "venue": "Frontiers in genetics",
  "versions": []
}