{
  "abstract": "The biological identity of nanoparticles is often redefined upon exposure to physiological fluids through the formation of a protein corona (PC), However, the molecular rules linking synthetic design to biological fate remain elusive owing to the fragmented and inconsistent proteomics data. Here, leveraging a standardized deep proteomic database of 42 diverse nanomaterials, we reveal the general molecular selection rules that govern the PC formation. We demonstrate that the PC is not a product of random adsorption but is shaped by strict property-dependent recruitment. First, surface charge regulates cellular uptake, with anionic nanoparticles specifically recruiting adhesion proteins to promote Itgav-mediated endocytosis, thus forming a causal charge-corona-receptor chain. Second, PEGylation engineers immune evasion by selectively depleting specific complement and coagulation factors, rather than merely preventing protein adsorption. Third, nanoparticle geometry imposes structural constraints and selects proteins based on specific physicochemical features such as lysine content. Beyond mechanistic insights, we show that material-specific PCs can rebalance the serum proteome and enable the detection of low-abundance disease biomarkers. This work shifts the paradigm from empirical description toward rule-based prediction and provides a foundational framework for rationally engineering nanomedicines with predictable and programmable biological identities.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Detection Technology and Diagnostic Equipment, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China",
    "Cancer Center and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China",
    "School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China",
    "School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chao Jiang",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-0441-8909"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haozhe Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rongzi Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yuling Du"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Baichuan Jin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenwei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mengjie Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yunlu Dai",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4023-7320"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yuan Liu",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-0515-1811"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9v52arb48263w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2618716123",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732064/",
  "id": "9v52arb48263w",
  "issns": [
    "0027-8424",
    "1091-6490"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2618716123",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "410"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Physical Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2502|Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224212515",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13732064",
  "pmid": "42956033",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9v52arb48263w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:07Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13732064",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2618716123"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2502|Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Elucidating molecular regulatory rules of nanoparticle biological identity via standardized deep proteomics",
  "title_text": "Elucidating molecular regulatory rules of nanoparticle biological identity via standardized deep proteomics",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9v52arb48263w",
  "venue": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
  "versions": []
}