{
  "abstract": "Long-term, automated tracking of group-housed social animals using RFID (radio frequency identification) is a promising approach in ethological neuroscience. However, low-frequency (LF) RFID, while long-established in the field, is constrained by its inherent low data rates, which lead to two critical limitations: (1) compromised spatiotemporal resolution, and (2) the inability to identify multiple tags (animals) simultaneously. To address these limitations, we developed eeeHive, a high-frequency (HF) RFID-based animal tracking system with a fully custom hardware architecture that enables high-speed, multiplexed antenna polling and concurrent multi-tag reading. The polling time per antenna in eeeHive was 5.9 ms, with an additional 8.2 ms read time per tag. We applied the system to track 24 mice for 1 week, and six common marmosets for 7 weeks. The system successfully tracked individuals even within dense clusters, revealing complex behavioral traits characterized by spatial utilization, temporal dynamics, behavioral regularity, and inter-individual relationships. Additional tests with Japanese fire-bellied newts and Nile tilapia juveniles demonstrated comparable tracking performance in aquatic environments. Taken together, eeeHive overcomes the inherent limitations of conventional LF RFID, establishing a powerful HF RFID-based platform for fine-scale behavioral tracking of group-housed animals across terrestrial and aquatic species.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.",
    "Phenovance LLC, Kashiwa, Japan.",
    "Grid and Communication Technology Division, Grid Innovation Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Yokosuka, Japan.",
    "Department of Information Systems and Multimedia Design, School of Science and Technology for Future Life, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan.",
    "Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Seico Benner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Suzuka Shiono"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Toshinori Kagawa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Kiyohiko Hattori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hidenori Yamasue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hans-Peter Lipp"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Toshihiro Endo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9v828eyq3pk7e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1861925",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683769",
  "id": "9v828eyq3pk7e",
  "issns": [
    "1662-5153"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909115",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2214|RFID technology advancements"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220832380",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683769?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683769",
  "pmid": "42909115",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9v828eyq3pk7e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42909115",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909115"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F28",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "eeeHive: a new HF RFID-based automated behavioral monitoring system enabling high spatiotemporal resolution tracking of group-housed animals.",
  "title_text": "eeeHive: a new HF RFID-based automated behavioral monitoring system enabling high spatiotemporal resolution tracking of group-housed animals.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9v828eyq3pk7e",
  "venue": "Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience",
  "versions": []
}