{
  "abstract": "Purpose: Intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer is limited by insufficient urothelial drug penetration and rapid drug washout. We developed an ultrasound-responsive liposomal formulation that encapsulates gemcitabine to enable controlled intravesical drug release using a clinically available ultrasound system.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Gemcitabine-loaded liposomes (GEM-Lipo) were manufactured and characterized for their physicochemical properties and ultrasound-responsive drug release. Human bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 253J, and 5637) were evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures to assess cytotoxicity and intracellular drug uptake following ultrasound exposure (1.0–1.5 MHz). Therapeutic efficacy and safety were further investigated in an orthotopic MBT2-luciferase bladder cancer mouse model using intravesical GEM-Lipo combined with ultrasound treatment and longitudinal bioluminescence imaging.\n\nResults: Ultrasound exposure (1.5 MHz, 1 minute) significantly enhanced gemcitabine release from the liposomal carriers (p<0.01), resulting in increased intracellular drug accumulation and reduced cancer cell viability in both 2D and 3D cultures. Ultrasound-assisted delivery further augmented the cytotoxic effects of GEM-Lipo in spheroid cultures compared with liposomal treatment alone (p<0.01). The combination of GEM-Lipo and ultrasound produced the most pronounced suppression of orthotopic bladder tumor growth, as evidenced by the decreased bioluminescence signal (p<0.01), without detectable systemic toxicity.\n\nConclusions: Clinically available ultrasound can activate GEM-Lipo, enhancing intravesical drug delivery and antitumor efficacy while maintaining safety. This platform offers a practical and translatable strategy for bladder-preserving therapy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .",
    "Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea .",
    "Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .",
    "Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .",
    "Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea .",
    "Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea ."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sejung Maeng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0730-0300"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mi Jeong Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0078-0409"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mirinae Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4199-8105"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jong Hyun Tae",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5826-3469"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Se Young Choi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4615-0966"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kyungchan Min",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5238-6265"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "In Ho Chang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0240-1310"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hak Jong Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0858-7873"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Joongwon Choi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5978-8179"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Chung Un Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3030-0405"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yong Seong Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0611-4554"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jung Hoon Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0947-876X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9vyewnkadycjw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4111/icu.20260076",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13747899/",
  "id": "9vyewnkadycjw",
  "issns": [
    "2466-0493",
    "2466-054X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20260076",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Basic/Translational Research"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222700617",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13747899",
  "pmid": "42990042",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "Korean Urological Association",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9vyewnkadycjw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-13T12:25:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13747899",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20260076"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:2748|Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ultrasound-triggered release of gemcitabine-loaded liposomes enhances intravesical therapy for bladder cancer",
  "title_text": "Ultrasound-triggered release of gemcitabine-loaded liposomes enhances intravesical therapy for bladder cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-13T12:25:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9vyewnkadycjw",
  "venue": "Investigative and Clinical Urology",
  "versions": []
}