{
  "abstract": "Schistosomiasis remains an important but neglected public health problem in Uganda. We estimated its prevalence, microscopy-based species distribution and associated factors among women delivering at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study included 392 women from 1 September to 30 December 2025. One stool and one urine specimen per participant were examined microscopically for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associated factors; parsimonious conventional and Firth penalized models were used in sensitivity analyses. Microscopically detectable schistosomiasis was present in 44/392 women (11.2%; 95% CI: 8.5–14.8). Among microscopy-positive women, S. haematobium accounted for 63.6% of infections (95% CI: 48.2–76.7), S. mansoni for 29.5% (95% CI: 17.7–45.0), and mixed infection for 6.8% (95% CI: 2.1–19.6). Unimproved main water source (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.46–6.64; p = 0.003), unimproved toilet facility (aOR = 4.40; 95% CI: 2.01–9.67; p < 0.001) and absence of a handwashing facility (aOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.02–4.41; p = 0.043) remained associated with microscopy-detected infection after adjustment. Women reporting fewer than four antenatal care contacts had higher adjusted odds than those reporting four to seven contacts (aOR = 8.43; 95% CI: 3.21–22.18; p < 0.001). The principal WASH associations remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. S. haematobium predominated among microscopy-classified infections. Household WASH characteristics remained associated with microscopy-detected infection, while the antenatal care association requires cautious interpretation. These cross-sectional findings do not establish causality but support further evaluation of context-appropriate schistosomiasis risk assessment within maternal health services and coordinated WASH and schistosomiasis-control strategies in endemic settings.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.",
    "Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.",
    "Department of Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.",
    "Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.",
    "Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.",
    "Department of Public Health, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda."
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "George Binna Sande"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Musa Kasujja"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Emmanuel Okurut"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maxwell Okello"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Marie Pascaline Sabine Ishimwe"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Theodore Nteziyaremye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "John Yaweh",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-8850-9571"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Mugabi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sara Liban"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Geoffrey Okot",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-5226-8689"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "G R Neel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Bot Yakubu Sunday"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Matthew Chibunna Igwe",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3086-6369"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Amos Muhumuza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Theoneste Hakizimana"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w1513ax54f0d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pgph.0006297",
  "fulltext_url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006297",
  "id": "9w1513ax54f0d",
  "issns": [
    "2767-3375"
  ],
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  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "2405|Parasites and Host Interactions"
    ],
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Urine"
    ],
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006297&type=printable",
  "pmcid": "PMC13693890",
  "pmid": "42912705",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w1513ax54f0d.ris",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:zoology",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
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      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
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  "title": "Microscopically detectable maternal schistosomiasis at delivery in Eastern Uganda: Prevalence, microscopy-based species distribution and associated household WASH characteristics in a hospital-based cross-sectional study",
  "title_text": "Microscopically detectable maternal schistosomiasis at delivery in Eastern Uganda: Prevalence, microscopy-based species distribution and associated household WASH characteristics in a hospital-based cross-sectional study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w1513ax54f0d",
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