{
  "abstract": "Aims: Symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF) despite medical treatment can be addressed with cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) therapy, which has yet to have been investigated regarding outcome differences between early versus late implementation.\n\nMethods and Results: CCM recipients from the Mannheim Cardiac Contractility Modulation Observational Registry (MAINTAINED) aged ≤ 70 years at implantation were grouped with regard to implantation time after the first diagnosis of CCM indicating HF (New York Heart Association classification (NYHA) ≥ 2 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) = 25%–45%) into either Early‐ (EC, n = 50, implantation < 13 months after diagnosis) or Late‐Implantation Group (LC, n = 81, implantation ≥ 13 months after diagnosis). Both groups were compared regarding survival, NYHA, LVEF, and HF‐related hospitalizations for up to 60 months. The mean implantation time after the first diagnosis were 5.85 ± 3.1 versus 92 ± 70.2 months (first values EC, p < 0.05). Mean survival was better for EC (55.2 ± 1.7 vs. 52.8 ± 1.6 months, p < 0.05). Improvements in NYHA (2.98 ± 0.47 to 2.0 ± 0.73 vs. 3.01 ± 0.46 to 2.25 ± 0.8, both p < 0.05) and LVEF (23.2 ± 7.5 to ± 38.82 ± 12.85 vs. 23.9 ± 7 to 29.92 ± 8.9%, each p < 0.05) were comparable, with differences in terms of grouping. Hospitalizations due to HF were more frequent to LC patients (39 vs. 110 events, Odds Ratio 2.1).\n\nConclusions: Heart failure patients might experience improvements in functional status and left ventricular reverse remodeling following CCM therapy, regardless of the timing of implantation. Early implementation of CCM within the first year of CCM suitable HF might provide additional benefits regarding survival, left ventricular systolic recovery and protection against heart failure hospitalizations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "First Department of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany",
    "German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg‐Mannheim Mannheim Germany",
    "Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany",
    "First Department of Cardiology Hippokration General Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece",
    "Fifth Department of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany",
    "Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Giessen Germany",
    "Division of Cardiovascular Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Goekhan Yuecel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1803-2663"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gamze Yildirim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kristin Schreiner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Svetlana Hetjens"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Konstantinos Giannakopoulos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abbass Kodeih"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mostafa Khalil"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Babak Yazdani",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9222-8958"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Faeq Husain‐Syed",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6742-5052"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Duerschmied",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5249-4012"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "William T. Abraham"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ibrahim Akin",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1974-6147"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jürgen Kuschyk"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w32s9vn7kyp5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/clc.70507",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13723168/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "9w32s9vn7kyp5",
  "issns": [
    "0160-9289",
    "1932-8737"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13723168",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Clinical Trial"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2705|Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7225016206",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13723168/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13723168",
  "pmid": "42965406",
  "published": "2026-10-31",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w32s9vn7kyp5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T03:21:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13723168",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13723168"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:49Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13723168",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.70507"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2705|Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies",
      "subfield": "cardiovascular"
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  "title": "Timing of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy Implementation",
  "title_text": "Timing of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy Implementation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w32s9vn7kyp5",
  "venue": "Clinical cardiology",
  "versions": []
}