{
  "abstract": "Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) levels while supplementing with essential amino acids (AA) has been widely studied as a strategy to maintain nutrient balance while lowering nitrogen excretion. Among feed additives, N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), an arginine precursor with superior stability and mitochondrial permeability, has emerged as a promising feed additive for improving intestinal development and overall pig performance. A total of 240 crossbred grower pigs were allotted to four dietary treatments based on initial body weight. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two levels of dietary CP (MCP, 16% moderate CP; LCP, 14% low CP) and two levels of NCG supplementation (without NCG [WN]; NS, 0.1% NCG supplementation). Each treatment had 10 replicates, with six (3 male and 3 female) pigs per pen, and the feeding trial lasted for 4 weeks. Pigs fed the MCP diet tended to have higher final BW (p = 0.088) compared with the LCP diet. Feed efficiency was greater in MCP than LCP (p < 0.05) and also tended to be enhanced in the NS (p = 0.089). CP digestibility tended to increase in the NS group compared with the WN (p = 0.093). The digestibility of arginine and tyrosine was increased in the NS group compared with the WN group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, lysine (p = 0.067), glycine (p = 0.058), and the average of essential AA (p = 0.091) digestibility tended to be increased in the NS. The NS group showed higher concentrations of arginine, lysine, essential AA, non-essential AA, and total AA in the blood (p < 0.05). Trypsin activity showed a tendency to increase in the NS group compared with the WN group (p = 0.087). In conclusion, dietary NCG supplementation in a low-protein diet showed potential to improve feed efficiency, AA digestibility, and serum AA profiles in early growing pigs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "So Dam Choi",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-2711-7106"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jun Young Mun",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3075-7157"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abdolreza Hosseindoust",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9191-0613"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Habeeb Tajudeen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5623-3175"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Seon Ah Park",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-6584-2777"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Priscilla Neves Silvestre",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-0473-2603"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sang Sik Lee",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-2171-8388"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jin Soo Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9518-7917"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w45fknpmzrsy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5187/jast.2500167",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678308",
  "id": "9w45fknpmzrsy",
  "issns": [
    "2055-0391"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898809",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1103|Animal Nutrition and Physiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4413333636",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678308?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13678308",
  "pmid": "42898809",
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w45fknpmzrsy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42898809",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898809"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1103|Animal Nutrition and Physiology",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Exploratory assessment of N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on feed efficiency and protein utilization in early growing pigs fed low crude protein diet.",
  "title_text": "Exploratory assessment of N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on feed efficiency and protein utilization in early growing pigs fed low crude protein diet.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9w45fknpmzrsy",
  "venue": "Journal of animal science and technology",
  "versions": []
}