{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nDespite the well-documented benefits of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal globally. This study aimed to assess the impact of a health literacy-based educational intervention on breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparous women.Methods\n\nA randomized clinical trial was conducted with 77 primiparous pregnant mothers in Chalus, Iran. Participants were allocated to an intervention group (n = 38) receiving a structured education program via Skyroom and WhatsApp, or a control group (n = 39) receiving routine care. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was assessed using the BSES-SF questionnaire at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at three and six weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 with chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and mixed model tests.Results\n\nAt baseline, the groups had similar self-efficacy scores (intervention: 40.84 ± 10.62 vs. control: 38.07 ± 7.52, p = 0.264). The intervention group demonstrated a significantly greater increase in self-efficacy immediately post-intervention (61.57 ± 5.05 vs. 45.01 ± 6.76; p < 0.0001), and this significant difference was maintained at three weeks (58.47 ± 5.44 vs. 48.23 ± 7.14; p < 0.0001) and six weeks (57.47 ± 5.31 vs. 49.48 ± 6.59; p < 0.0001) post-intervention.Conclusion\n\nA health literacy-based education program significantly improved breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous women. This approach, particularly when delivered via accessible digital platforms, shows promise as an effective strategy to promote exclusive breastfeeding.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.",
    "Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.",
    "Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.",
    "Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. malihe.nurollahpur@gmail.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zohreh Shahhosseini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Negin Kalvani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Roya Nikbakht"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9ww5x8cyr2en5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12884-026-09724-8",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721369",
  "id": "9ww5x8cyr2en5",
  "issns": [
    "1471-2393"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958120",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Breastfeeding Practices and Influences"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172088387",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721369?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721369",
  "pmid": "42958120",
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9ww5x8cyr2en5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958120",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958120"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:04Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721369",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-09724-8"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Breastfeeding Practices and Influences",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effect of health literacy-based education on the self-efficacy of primiparous breastfeeding women: a randomized controlled trial.",
  "title_text": "Effect of health literacy-based education on the self-efficacy of primiparous breastfeeding women: a randomized controlled trial.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9ww5x8cyr2en5",
  "venue": "BMC pregnancy and childbirth",
  "versions": []
}