{
  "abstract": "We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 7 ¹² CO(2−1) observations of the circumnuclear disk in NGC 315 at an angular resolution of 0 . ″ 230 × 0 . ″ 175 , improving on past measurements and resolving the sphere of influence (SOI) of the supermassive black hole (SMBH), whose mass has been estimated previously as M BH = 2.0 8 − 0.15 + 0.33 × 1 0 9 M ⊙ . The high spatial resolution and sensitivity enable robust full-cube forward modeling of the molecular gas kinematics and a direct comparison of multiple independent gas-based dynamical modeling techniques. We apply standard Bayesian codes using both Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and nested sampling approaches, as well as a frequentist code to the same data set, exploring systematic uncertainties associated with the stellar mass distribution, gas surface-brightness parameterization, and disk geometry. All methods yield consistent black hole masses, indicating that the inferred M BH is not strongly method-dependent. Combining the ensemble of independent molecular-gas-based models, we derive an ensemble median black hole mass of M BH / 1 0 9 M ⊙ = 2.0 2 − 0.05 + 0.04 (stat) − 0.04 + 0.05 (sys), where the comparable contributions to the full error budget arise from modeling systematics rather than formal fitting uncertainties. Our M BH is consistent with the empirical M BH – σ ⋆ and M BH – L bulge scaling relations, and lies 32% below an independent stellar-dynamical measurement—a discrepancy we discuss in the context of systematic differences between gas- and stellar-based methods. NGC 315 serves as a benchmark for quantifying molecular gas-dynamical M BH systematic uncertainties and for future cross-comparisons of gaseous and stellar dynamical approaches.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Michigan",
    "Brigham Young University",
    "University of Science",
    "Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City",
    "University of Vienna",
    "International University",
    "University of Delaware",
    "University of Florida"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dieu D. Nguyen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5678-1008"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Benjamin D. Boizelle",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6301-570X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hai N. Ngo",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-5852-4538"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elena Gallo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5802-6041"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tuan N. Le",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-0015-1208"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sabine Thater",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1820-2041"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tien H. T. Ho",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-8845-9725"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Tinh Q. T. Le",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-3689-8577"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Que T. Le",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9649-2449"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sam Norcross",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-2512-1429"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Xueyi Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-1795-3576"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Huy G. Tong",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-6050-5736"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Nghi K. N. Le",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-4259-1535"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Huy M. B. Tran",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-1314-9992"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9xnzmjjydyfyj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea151",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9xnzmjjydyfyj",
  "issns": [
    "0004-637X",
    "1538-4357"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea151",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220952535",
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea151/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9xnzmjjydyfyj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
      "native_id": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea151",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea151"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) ¹² CO(2–1) Gas Dynamics in NGC 315: A Multimethod Benchmark for Supermassive Black Hole Mass Measurement",
  "title_text": "Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) ¹² CO(2–1) Gas Dynamics in NGC 315: A Multimethod Benchmark for Supermassive Black Hole Mass Measurement",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9xnzmjjydyfyj",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal",
  "versions": []
}