{
  "abstract": "This paper analytically investigates the bit error rate (BER) performance of downlink multi-rate (MR)-non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) over Nakagami-m fading channels for an arbitrary number of users and symbol rates. The analysis is first developed for a three-user case, then generalized to systems with more than three users, yielding an exact BER expression for the first detected user and an accurate closed-form approximations for the remaining users under the perfect-successive interference cancellation (SIC) assumption. These results are further unified into a general average-BER expression over Nakagami-m fading for arbitrary user numbers and symbol-rate configurations. A symbol-pattern-dependent signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) analysis further shows how the symbol-duration diversity enables inherent interference cancellation, explaining the BER advantage of MR-NOMA over conventional single-symbol rate (SR)-NOMA. An average BER minimization problem is also formulated and numerically solved to optimize the users' power allocation, with simulation results corroborating the analytical findings. Overall, MR-NOMA is shown to offer greater flexibility in user pairing while maintaining reliable BER performance and accommodating diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.03266",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Zainab Khader"
    },
    {
      "name": "Arafat Al-Dweik"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emad Alsusa"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9xw8yz2bfq4pv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.03266",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9xw8yz2bfq4pv",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03266",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.IT"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.IT"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220371640",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.03266",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9xw8yz2bfq4pv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:26:50Z",
      "native_id": "2610.03266",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03266"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.IT",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Performance Analysis of MR-NOMA with Arbitrary Number of Users and Symbol Rates",
  "title_text": "Performance Analysis of MR-NOMA with Arbitrary Number of Users and Symbol Rates",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:26:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9xw8yz2bfq4pv",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}