{
  "abstract": "Understanding lithium-ion battery (LIB) degradation pathways and failure mechanisms is essential given the rare but potentially severe associated hazards. Recent regulations on thermal runaway prevention are driving the need for advanced early detection diagnostic techniques. Acoustic methods, including Acoustic Emission (AE) and Ultrasonic Testing (UT), are promising operando monitoring tools owing to their cost-effectiveness, non-invasive nature, and real-time capability to detect physical and electrochemical changes within cells. This study demonstrates the first use of AE as a diagnostic tool for monitoring stateof-health (SoH), state of safety, and early failure onset. AE measurements were correlated with high-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography, linking acoustic signals to real-time physical changes such as gas formation, cell-volume expansion, and cracking. Experiments across a range of SoC and SoH, covering pristine, aged, and cells cycled below 0 ºC, highlight the robustness of the approach. Machine learning algorithms trained across multiple chemistries and formats enabled real-time signal interpretation. AE reliably identified degradation mechanisms and issued failure alerts across a spectrum of severity, 2 including in lithium-plated cells, with synchrotron imaging confirming the physical origin of key signals. Integrating AE into battery management systems could significantly enhance LIB safety across automotive, grid storage, and manufacturing applications without compromising cost.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering",
    "University College London",
    "Advanced Propulsion Lab, UCL East Marshgate, 7 Sidings Street, Stratford, London, UK, E20 2AE",
    "Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK, OX11 0RA",
    "School of Chemistry",
    "University of New South Wales",
    "AcouBatt Ltd, 83 Ellerton Road, London, UK, SW18 3NH",
    "University of Oxford, Holywell House, Oxford, UK, OX2 0ES",
    "Harwell Science and Innovation Campus",
    "Diamond Light Source Ltd.,",
    "Department of Engineering Science",
    "University of Oxford",
    "Stadium Business Centre, Unit 20,, Wembley, HA9 0AT",
    "Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK, OX11 0QX",
    "Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK",
    "University of Sydney"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 21,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4,
        5,
        6
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      "name": "Arthur Fordham",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7078-8428"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Inez Kesuma"
    },
    {
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        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Dore"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Charlie Kirchner-Burles"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3,
        8,
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Isabel Antony"
    },
    {
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        0,
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        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoxia Guo"
    },
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Julia Weaving"
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    {
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        2
      ],
      "name": "Mark Buckwell"
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    {
      "affs": [
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        5
      ],
      "name": "Jian Peng"
    },
    {
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      ],
      "name": "Pranay Gandharapu"
    },
    {
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      ],
      "name": "Joshua Cruddos"
    },
    {
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        12
      ],
      "name": "Lara Rasha"
    },
    {
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        8,
        9
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      "name": "Alexander Liptak"
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    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Michalik"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9,
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Genoveva Burca"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Wesley M Dose"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Alexander J. E. Rettie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
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        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "James B. Robinson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
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        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Thomas S. Miller"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        7,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Paul Shearing"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rhodri Jervis"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9ytyqc0pgpp2w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008458/v1",
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  "id": "9ytyqc0pgpp2w",
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  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008458/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2203|Advanced Battery Technologies Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211941363",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008458/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-07",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9ytyqc0pgpp2w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008458",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008458/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "source:chemrxiv",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Acoustic Emission to Provide Early Warning Detection of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway",
  "title_text": "Acoustic Emission to Provide Early Warning Detection of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9ytyqc0pgpp2w",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}