{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nSoft-tissue defects around the elbow present considerable reconstructive challenges, as effective coverage must be achieved without compromising joint mobility. This study assessed the reconstructive and early functional outcomes of lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP)-based pedicled flaps for soft-tissue reconstruction around the elbow.\n\nMethods\n\nThis prospective observational study included 30 consecutively enrolled patients who underwent LICAP-based pedicled flap reconstruction at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between May 2023 and October 2024. Evaluated outcomes comprised flap survival, flap-related complications, donor-site morbidity, elbow range of motion (ROM), and a predefined composite reconstructive outcome. Elbow ROM was measured with a goniometer at the final follow-up, approximately 30 days after flap division.\n\nResults\n\nThe mean patient age was 27.4 ± 10.97 years, and 26 patients were male. Trauma was the cause of 18 defects. Complete flap survival was observed in 27 patients, whereas marginal and partial flap loss occurred in two and one patient, respectively; no patient experienced significant flap loss. Recipient-site wound dehiscence developed in two patients, and donor-site wound dehiscence occurred in three. Primary closure of the donor site was achieved in 29 patients. At the final follow-up, 26 patients demonstrated full elbow ROM, while four had a residual restriction of 10°-15°. Composite outcomes were classified as good in 22 patients and satisfactory in eight; no poor outcomes were recorded.\n\nConclusions\n\nIn appropriately selected patients, LICAP-based pedicled flap reconstruction provided favorable early reconstructive and functional outcomes for soft-tissue defects around the elbow. Comparative studies involving larger patient populations and extended follow-up are warranted.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Community Medical College, Dhaka, BGD",
    "Department of Plastic Surgery, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Dhaka, BGD",
    "Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD",
    "Department of Plastic Surgery, Mirza Plastic Surgery Center, Dhaka, BGD",
    "Department of Medicine, Dhaka Community Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, BGD",
    "Medical Strategy, Noora Health, Dhaka, BGD"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Faruk Hossain"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Md Razaul Karim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fatema Mirza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Md Abu Nahiyan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kamruzzaman Akash"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Md Ashraful Islam Irfan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Rakibul Islam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tahmina Satter"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9z0zj8fkfynkh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.7759/cureus.117371",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724586/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "9z0zj8fkfynkh",
  "issns": [
    "2168-8184"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724586",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Plastic Surgery"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Public Health"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7218339146",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724586/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724586",
  "pmid": "42973889",
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "Cureus Inc.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9z0zj8fkfynkh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13724586",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724586"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:08Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724586",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117371"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973889",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973889"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "heading:Public Health",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Outcomes of Soft-Tissue Reconstruction Around the Elbow Using a Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator-Based Pedicled Flap",
  "title_text": "Outcomes of Soft-Tissue Reconstruction Around the Elbow Using a Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator-Based Pedicled Flap",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9z0zj8fkfynkh",
  "venue": "Cureus",
  "versions": []
}