{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nInfective endocarditis (IE) poses a significant challenge in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), with risk factors and outcomes potentially differing from HIV-negative counterparts. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the prevalence, risk factors, mortality, and clinical characteristics of IE in PLWH versus HIV-negative patients.Methods\n\nMethods : Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, and ProQuest) were searched up to January 2025 using terms including \"Infective Endocarditis\" and \"Human Immunodeficiency Virus.\" Random-effects meta-analyses with Freeman-Tukey transformation were used to estimate pooled prevalence, mortality, and odds ratios (ORs) for IE by HIV status. Between-study heterogeneity (I²) and meta-regression were assessed to explore sources of variation.Results\n\nResults : Seventeen independent studies collectively reported 3,082 IE cases (2,095 among PLWH and 987 among HIV-negative individuals), analyzed as separate study-level data rather than a single combined cohort. The pooled prevalence of IE among PLWH was 33.2% (95% CI: 14.97-54.45%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² > 90%), highlighting the exploratory nature of these estimates. Among PLWH with IE, 85.5% (95% CI: 65.8-98.1%) reported intravenous drug use (IVDU), and 60-80% had right-sided IE (predominantly tricuspid valve), contrasting with left-sided predominance in HIV-negative patients. Mortality among PLWH with IE was 14.7%, compared with 22.3% in HIV-negative individuals. Staphylococcus aureus was the leading pathogen (24-73%).Conclusions\n\nGiven the high and persistent heterogeneity, findings should be interpreted as exploratory. PLWH with IE frequently exhibit IVDU and right-sided involvement, while mortality appears comparable to HIV-negative patients after accounting for IVDU, emphasizing behavioral rather than virologic determinants of risk.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.",
    "Cardiovascular Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Institute, Tehran, Iran.",
    "Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Peyman Eini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pooya Eini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Amin Doosti-Irani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9za79a0m4s5f7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.22088/cjim.17.3.494",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13689521",
  "id": "9za79a0m4s5f7",
  "issns": [
    "2008-6164",
    "2008-6172"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923611",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7217087271",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13689521?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13689521",
  "pmid": "42923611",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9za79a0m4s5f7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923611",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923611"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of infective endocarditis in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous drug use and microbiological profiles.",
  "title_text": "Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of infective endocarditis in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous drug use and microbiological profiles.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9za79a0m4s5f7",
  "venue": "Caspian journal of internal medicine",
  "versions": []
}