{
  "abstract": "Inlet design assumes that supply air from side-wall inlets mixes with house air over several metres, but whether this holds in a densely caged multi-tier house, where cages and birds obstruct the jet, is untested. The bird-zone environment of a commercial stacked-cage house was measured with 24 in-cage sensors at three distances and two tiers over ten winter days. Three of four groups showed no resolvable cooling gradient at 1.5 m; only one north-side group cooled with distance, strengthening with ventilation (0.30 K per percent, R² = 0.39), while another showed the opposite sign. Every fitted decay coefficient (αdh=0 to 0.004) lay below the free-jet design range (0.01-0.03), by five or more times over the window. Vertical stratification of 0.78 K dominated (side × tier p<0.001): the upper tier was up to 2.4 K warmer on the north side, while the south-side tiers differed by under 0.5 K. Shading nets lowered north-side inlet temperature by 0.80 K but warmed the south side. The practical consequence is that the thermal environment is organised by tier and side rather than by near-inlet distance, so monitoring, control and welfare-oriented assessment should target tiers and sides.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Animal Husbandry, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.",
    "Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou 450002, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yongxiang Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wenjia Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Quanyou Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shaoyu Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bin Xu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zj179eydbgfn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/vetsci13101103",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709871",
  "id": "9zj179eydbgfn",
  "issns": [
    "2306-7381"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944197",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1103|Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222710208",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709871?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13709871",
  "pmid": "42944197",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zj179eydbgfn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42944197",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944197"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1103|Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Temperature Distribution and Vertical Stratification near Side-Wall Inlets of Stacked Cage Broiler Houses in Winter.",
  "title_text": "Temperature Distribution and Vertical Stratification near Side-Wall Inlets of Stacked Cage Broiler Houses in Winter.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zj179eydbgfn",
  "venue": "Veterinary sciences",
  "versions": []
}