{
  "abstract": "Background: Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is marked by exocrine-gland infiltration and Th17-driven inflammation; low-bioavailability Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) shows efficacy yet unclear mechanisms.\n\nPurpose: To investigate the role of intestinal mucosal immunity in SS pathogenesis and the effect of TGP on the differentiation and migration of Th17 in intestinal mucosal immunity.\n\nMethods: SS was induced in Peyer’s patches (PPs)/mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs)-deficient mice. Saliva/tear flow, gland histopathology, Th17-related cytokine mRNA and blood Th17 were assessed. Established SS mice were treated with 6-week TGP. Flow cytometry/RT-qPCR evaluated CD4 ⁺ T cell proliferation, dendritic cell (DC) activation, and Th17 differentiation, migration and homing in intestinal mucosal immunity, blood, exocrine glands. Immunofluorescence observed the migration of in vitro -polarized, CFSE-labeled Th17 cells to the submandibular glands (SMG). In vitro , naive CD4 ⁺ T cells from PPs/MLNs were cultured with cytokines or LPS-activated bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) to induce Th17 differentiation, with TGP incubated. CD4 ⁺ T cell proliferation, Th17 proportion and cytokine mRNA was determined.\n\nResults: PPs- or MLNs-deficient SS mice showed no significant increase in SS manifestations or Th17 markers. In vivo , TGP inhibited CD4 ⁺ T cell proliferation, Th17 differentiation and DC activation/migration, blocking Th17 gland entry and gut homing by down-regulating CCR6/CCL20, CCR9/CCL25 and α4β7/MAdCAM-1 axis. Immunofluorescence results also clearly demonstrated that TGP significantly inhibited the migration of intestinal mucosa-derived Th17 cells to the SMG. In vitro , TGP left BMDC activation intact but sharply suppressed BMDC-driven Th17 differentiation by reducing proliferation and Th17 cytokines.\n\nConclusion: TGP attenuates SS inflammation by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and migration from intestinal mucosal immunity to exocrine glands and their homing to intestinal mucosa.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ge Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jing Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xingyu Yan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Teng Chu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yue Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Weirong Fang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zrycpezqas6g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1742485",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710020/",
  "id": "9zrycpezqas6g",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1742485/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221703223",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1742485/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710020",
  "pmid": "42947800",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zrycpezqas6g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1742485",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1742485/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:04Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710020",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1742485"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Total glucosides of paeony inhibits the differentiation and migration of intestinal mucosal immune Th17 cells in Sjogren’s syndrome mice",
  "title_text": "Total glucosides of paeony inhibits the differentiation and migration of intestinal mucosal immune Th17 cells in Sjogren’s syndrome mice",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zrycpezqas6g",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}