{
  "abstract": "Breast cancer is a common malignancy affecting women. Brain metastasis is a serious late-stage complication associated with high incidence and poor prognosis, particularly in patients with triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer. Currently, surgery and radiotherapy are the primary treatment options for breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). However, the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the complex tumor microenvironment, and effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm that mediate intercellular communication by transporting active molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. They play crucial roles in tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that exosomes promote BCBM through various mechanisms, including BBB remodeling to facilitate tumor cell transmigration, initiation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, and systemic immune escape mediated by exosomal PD-L1. Genetically or chemically engineered exosomes have demonstrated targeting and drug-delivery potential in preclinical models, making them potential candidates for BCBM treatment. This review summarizes the clinical challenges associated with BCBM and the biological characteristics of exosomes and their mechanisms of action in brain metastasis. It also discusses the potential of exosomes as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and drug delivery carriers, providing insights into future research and clinical translation, which remains challenging and requires further validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China.",
    "Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China.",
    "Department of Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shuxun Jin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5505-2073"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yuancong Jiang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2527-1216"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Liwei Meng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nanwei Ye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jie Qiu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0493-871X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Juan Lin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zw5n507bptqg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2147/ijn.s642155",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715663",
  "id": "9zw5n507bptqg",
  "issns": [
    "1176-9114",
    "1178-2013"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953413",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223353953",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715663?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13715663",
  "pmid": "42953413",
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "Dove Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zw5n507bptqg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:40Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953413",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953413"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715663",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s642155"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Current Landscape of Exosome-Based Strategies for Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Potential.",
  "title_text": "The Current Landscape of Exosome-Based Strategies for Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Potential.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9zw5n507bptqg",
  "venue": "International journal of nanomedicine",
  "versions": []
}