{
  "abstract": "Headache is a prominent acute and persistent neurological manifestation of COVID-19, representing both as a significant clinical challenge and a valuable model for understanding the neurotropic effects of SARS-CoV-2. This review synthesizes evidence showing that the epidemiology of COVID-19 headache is distinctly shaped by younger age, female sex, and a prior history of headache disorders; its clinical phenotypes are diverse, strongly associating with chemosensory dysfunctions such as anosmia; and its core pathophysiology involves neuroinflammation (e.g., cytokine-mediated pathways), trigeminovascular activation, and sex-specific neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Although acute headache often responds to conventional analgesics, persistent cases—a major component of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)—necessitate a multidisciplinary management approach. This contrasts with the typically self-limiting headache following vaccination. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to define chronicity, mechanistic investigations into sex-specific pathways, and the development of phenotype-specific, personalized therapeutic strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital",
    "Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University",
    "Nantong University, Nantong",
    "Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration",
    "Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in University for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cheng He"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yan Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yao Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhou-Can Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rui-Qi Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jia-Yi Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jian-Feng Meng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meng-Ruo Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zhi-Jun Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qun-Feng Gui"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a04gz2n86r25b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1937278",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711654",
  "id": "a04gz2n86r25b",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2295"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1937278/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221669040",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1937278/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13711654",
  "pmid": "42948244",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a04gz2n86r25b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1937278",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1937278/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948244",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948244"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13711654",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1937278"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Long-Term Effects of COVID-19",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "From past to present and toward the future: a mechanism-informed clinical framework for COVID-19-associated headache and post-viral pain",
  "title_text": "From past to present and toward the future: a mechanism-informed clinical framework for COVID-19-associated headache and post-viral pain",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a04gz2n86r25b",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Neurology",
  "versions": []
}