{
  "abstract": "Certified respirators, like KN95 N95, FFP2 and KF94, can offer strong protection against airborne particulates, but their effectiveness relies on proper fit and donning. This study evaluated how well children aged 6–13 years in Kathmandu, Nepal, and Bandung City, Indonesia, could independently don two child-marketed KN95-style respirators without guidance. Among 348 participants, only 21.8% met all seven essential donning criteria, though 79.6% successfully completed at least five steps. While this suggests a promising baseline, the most frequent mistake, improperly shaping the nose clip, could potentially compromise respirator effectiveness. Older children and girls generally performed better, and prior experience with KN95-style respirators was linked to greater confidence and improved technique. Respirator design also played a role in donning success. These findings reveal a critical gap between general mask-wearing familiarity and the specific skills needed for effective respirator use. The study highlights the urgent need for child-friendly respirator designs and accessible training materials, especially in regions where air pollution poses serious health risks.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK",
    "Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK",
    "Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia",
    "Institute of Hazard, Risk & Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK",
    "Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Judith Covey",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7019-0853"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Nila"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chandika Shrestha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hastin Melur Maharti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Claire J. Horwell"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Kusum Shahi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dicky C. Pelupessy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Meghnath Dhimal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rachel L. Kendal"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a17kbnya4phey.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-64861-6",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724257/",
  "id": "a17kbnya4phey",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-64861-6",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Infection Control and Ventilation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172417534",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-64861-6_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724257",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a17kbnya4phey.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724257",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-64861-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Infection Control and Ventilation",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Observational evaluation of children’s respirator donning ability in Indonesia and Nepal",
  "title_text": "Observational evaluation of children’s respirator donning ability in Indonesia and Nepal",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:20:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a17kbnya4phey",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}