{
  "abstract": "Inducing a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) response is a key goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. Despite significant progress, it is unknown whether vaccine-primed B cells can be reactivated and matured to secrete bona fide bnAbs. In the IAVI C107/C110 single-arm, open-label human trial, VRC01-class memory B cells previously primed by the GT1.1 germline-targeting envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer were reactivated by a BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer boost. Somatic hypermutation in the activated B cells drove higher antibody affinity for the CD4-binding site on fully glycosylated, heterologous Env trimers. Three VRC01-class monoclonal antibodies derived from independent B cell lineages neutralized 18-31% of 119 viruses in a globally diverse panel. This work advances the HIV-1 germline-targeting vaccination concept from proof-of-priming towards proof-of-breadth and defines a benchmark for bnAb induction.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 72,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Tom G. Caniels",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9580-157X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Madhu Prabhakaran"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sashank Agrawal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kellie J. MacPhee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rhianna Bronson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weiwei Wu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eva I.M. Schumacher"
    },
    {
      "name": "Swastik Phulera"
    },
    {
      "name": "Katrina Millard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deanna Dong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Martina Turroja"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aimee Desrosiers"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jeffrey Bethony"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elissa Malkin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Annelou van der Veen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karlijn van der Straten"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michelle Klouwens"
    },
    {
      "name": "Suprabhath Gajjala"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicole L. Yates"
    },
    {
      "name": "Katrina Saam"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andy S. Tran"
    },
    {
      "name": "Meghna Chandrasekar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alison Benner"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mukundhan Ramaswami"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jonne L. Snitselaar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tom P.L. Bijl"
    },
    {
      "name": "Judith A. Burger"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jacqueline van Rijswijk"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joey H. Bouhuijs"
    },
    {
      "name": "Albert Cupo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael O. Duff"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alicia H. Sato"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isabel J.L. Baken"
    },
    {
      "name": "Catarina Mendes Silva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jennifer A. Bohl"
    },
    {
      "name": "David M. Brown"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alex C. Sullivan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kelli M. Greene"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hongmei Gao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sheetal Sawant"
    },
    {
      "name": "Agnes M. Harskamp"
    },
    {
      "name": "Neeltje A. Kootstra"
    },
    {
      "name": "Burc Barin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vince Philiponis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lebohang Molife"
    },
    {
      "name": "Annie F. Mabushi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dagna S. Laufer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Angela Lombardo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claudio Yurdadon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ethan A. Wilson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ju Yeong Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lindsey Mwoga"
    },
    {
      "name": "Solmaz Shotorbani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Drienna Holman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marit J. van Gils"
    },
    {
      "name": "Per Johan Klasse"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sarah F. Andrews"
    },
    {
      "name": "Richard A. Koup"
    },
    {
      "name": "Georgia D. Tomaras"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1979safb7q8z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.21.760679",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760679v1.full",
  "id": "a1979safb7q8z",
  "issns": [
    "2692-8205"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760679v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "immunology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223704157",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760679v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13733704",
  "pmid": "42990158",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Preprints",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1979safb7q8z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:43Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.21.760679",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.760679v1"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:23:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13733704",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.21.760679"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sequential vaccination matures VRC01-class HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in humans",
  "title_text": "Sequential vaccination matures VRC01-class HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in humans",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1979safb7q8z",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}