{
  "abstract": "Précis:: A systematic review examining the reporting of long-term safety of glaucoma surgical innovations. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated effectiveness over the short to medium term. Use of registries to optimise future long-term evaluation is recommended.\n\nPurpose:: To synthesise evidence on the long-term effectiveness and safety of glaucoma surgical innovations introduced since 2004 and appraise reporting quality against IDEAL Stage 4 recommendations, designed to promote transparent study of the long-term impact of surgical innovations.\n\nMethods:: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for studies published from January 1, 2014, to October 21, 2024. Eligible studies evaluated novel glaucoma surgery with ≥2 years’ follow-up and ≥100 participants. Randomised controlled trials, observational studies, registry analyses, and case series were included. Reporting was assessed using a 16-item adaptation of the IDEAL Stage 4 checklist. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the Joanna Briggs Institute case-series checklist.\n\nResults:: The search strategy retrieved 1758 matches, with 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Procedures included iStent, Xen-45 Gel stent, Hydrus microstent, Endoscopic photocoagulation, Trabectome and Kahook dual blade. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 6 years. All studies described design and 22 reported prespecified outcomes sufficiently; however, only 4 explained how missing data were handled. Intraocular-pressure and medication outcomes generally favoured the intervention, but heterogeneity in design, comparators, outcomes, and surgical context precluded pooled estimates. Adverse-event reporting was inconsistent. One cohort study was of poor quality; 14 case series had unclear or unreported methodological items; and 4 RCTs had at least one high-risk domain.\n\nConclusions:: Glaucoma surgical innovations appear effective over the medium term, but limited long-term follow-up and inconsistent safety reporting preclude firm conclusions about comparative effectiveness and long-term safety. Standardised reporting and prospective registries are needed.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Centre of Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK",
    "Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sanjana Ashok",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-1814-4719"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chiara De Vitto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Philip McCullough"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Laura Luchetti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Anna Mengozzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Augusto Azuara-Blanco"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1esy9tb93kx4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1097/ijg.0000000000002770",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722426/",
  "id": "a1esy9tb93kx4",
  "issns": [
    "1057-0829",
    "1536-481X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000002770",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Studies"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2731|Glaucoma and retinal disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222467537",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13722426",
  "pmid": "42886586",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1esy9tb93kx4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:55Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722426",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000002770"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2731|Glaucoma and retinal disorders",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluating Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Glaucoma Surgical Innovations: A Systematic Review",
  "title_text": "Evaluating Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Glaucoma Surgical Innovations: A Systematic Review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1esy9tb93kx4",
  "venue": "Journal of Glaucoma",
  "versions": []
}