{
  "abstract": "Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a persistent pollutant that poses significant environmental and health risks, demanding advanced photodegradation methods. This study introduces a tin disulfide/vanadium carbide MXene (SnS 2 /V 2 CT x ) Schottky junction incorporated into a polyamide layer for efficient photocatalytic degradation of PFNA. The support membrane employed in this study was cellulose acetate, fabricated using a phase inversion method. This resulted in a photocatalytic thin-film composite membrane denoted as (SnS 2 /V 2 CT x )@CA-NF. The membrane pore size was assessed using the convection-diffusion model, which indicated a decrease of 0.88 nm for the pristine membrane to 0.77 nm for the modified membrane. The thin-film composite membrane also exhibited an enhanced pure water flux, increasing from 70.97 L/m −2 ·h for CA-NF to 150.11 L/m −2 ·h for the (SnS 2 /V 2 CT x )@CA-NF modified membrane. Moreover, the (SnS 2 /V 2 CT x ) 1.0% @CA-NF membrane showed enhanced salt rejection of both NaCl (90.20% and 89.37%) and Na 2 SO 4 (94.65% and 94.50%) at low and high concentrations (1000 and 5844 mg/L), respectively. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to monitor the degradation efficiency and to study the by-products formed as a result of PFNA photodegradation. An enhanced photodegradation efficiency of 88% was obtained for the (SnS 2 /V 2 CT x ) 1.0% @CA-NF membrane opposed to the pristine CA-NF membrane. The PFNA pollutants fragmented into smaller organic molecules, including perfluoropentanol (C 5 HF 11 O) and Trifluoroacetaldehyde (C 2 HF 3 ). The detected final fragments presented relatively smaller mass-to-charge ratio ( m/z ) values of 97.9979 m/z compared to the parent counterpart, which was 463.9665 m/z , suggesting efficient photocatalytic decompositions. This work demonstrates the promising potential of integrating photocatalysis with membrane separation to efficiently remove and degrade persistent organic pollutants in water systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Valentia Pheladi Letswalo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thollwana Andretta Makhetha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathapelo Pearl Seopela"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anthony Szymczyk"
    },
    {
      "name": "Soraya Phumzile Malinga"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1gedz5tzwmer.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.seppur.2026.140109",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a1gedz5tzwmer",
  "issns": [
    "1383-5866"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05789645v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.chim.geni"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Membrane Separation Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212730474",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05789645/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-14",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1gedz5tzwmer.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:52Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05789645",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05789645v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Membrane Separation Technologies",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A tin disulfide/vanadium carbide MXene@cellulose acetate-nanofiltration (SnS2/V2CTx@CA-NF) membrane for photocatalytic degradation of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)",
  "title_text": "A tin disulfide/vanadium carbide MXene@cellulose acetate-nanofiltration (SnS2/V2CTx@CA-NF) membrane for photocatalytic degradation of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1gedz5tzwmer",
  "venue": "Separation and Purification Technology",
  "versions": []
}