{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Proprietary, age-referenced, image-derived facial skin scores may contain adiposity-related information, but their validity is uncertain. We tested whether 14 scores added predictive information for body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived body fat percentage, and a proprietary BIA-derived visceral fat level score beyond age category and sex, after redness, and, exploratorily, after BMI. Methods: This study included 387,859 deduplicated account IDs from a Japanese screening program, a 95.5% nested subset of the previous report’s unique-account cohort. Gradient-boosting models were developed using April–July data and evaluated without retuning on August–October data. Performance was assessed with R2, mean absolute error (MAE), and paired bootstrap confidence intervals. Results: In the internal temporal evaluation cohort (159,726 account IDs), the facial skin-score panel provided incremental predictive information beyond age category and sex and beyond redness. After BMI inclusion, however, the additional explained variance was negligible (ΔR2 = 0.00165 for body fat percentage and 0.00017 for the visceral fat level score). Conclusions: The panel provided modest, order-dependent information in internal temporal evaluation but negligible additional information after BMI inclusion. These unvalidated proprietary scores are hypothesis-generating and do not support diagnostic or body-compartment-specific use.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 1-14-1 Mihara-dai, Minami-ku, Sakai 590-0197, Osaka, Japan",
    "Anti-Aging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan",
    "Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan",
    "Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kimi Iinuma",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-7113-0299"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kazuyasu Fujii"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chisa Nakashima",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9653-6824"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shunsuke Morita"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Toshio Morikawa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2794-5365"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hidekazu Yamada"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ryuichi Morishita",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8855-0730"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Atsushi Otsuka",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7365-947X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1mtz3tc7wkhw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15218413",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a1mtz3tc7wkhw",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8413",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1mtz3tc7wkhw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:01Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15218413",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8413"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Associations of Multidimensional Image-Derived Facial Skin Scores with Adiposity Measures in a Large Screening Cohort in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study with Internal Temporal Evaluation",
  "title_text": "Associations of Multidimensional Image-Derived Facial Skin Scores with Adiposity Measures in a Large Screening Cohort in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study with Internal Temporal Evaluation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T00:21:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a1mtz3tc7wkhw",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}