{
  "abstract": "We investigated covalent linkages between proanthocyanidins (PAs) and cell wall polysaccharides in western redcedar bark (Thuja plicata Donn), a tannin-rich forestry co-product that has potential as a functional food ingredient. An alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR; 1.0% w/w relative to oven-dried bark) recovered from aqueous extracts contained both PAs (≥1.46% w/w of AIR) and polysaccharides (∼30% w/w of AIR) and resisted fractionation by inert solvents, consistent with recalcitrant PA-carbohydrate association. Acidic butanol hydrolysis coupled with LC-MS revealed diagnostic C-glycosylated anthocyanidins, including 6-C-pentosylcyanidin, 8-C-(deoxyhexosyl)cyanidin, and X-C-(deoxyhexosyl)-Y-C-pentosyldelphinidin. NMR analysis supported the presence of PA-polysaccharide conjugates, implicating hemicelluloses and pectins as the carbohydrate partners. These \"flavoglycans\" provide a chemical basis for incomplete tannin extractability from bark matrices and suggest that carbohydrate conjugation can modulate PA accessibility and interfacial interactions in aqueous systems relevant to bioactive recovery from bark matrices. Overall, this research provides converging lines of experimental evidence suggestive of C-glycosyl crosslinking between proanthocyanidins and carbohydrates in bark.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z1, Canada.",
    "Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada.",
    "Department of Natural Sciences and Sustainable Resources, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, BOKU University, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430Tulln, Austria.",
    "Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada.",
    "Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall #2900, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z1, Canada."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gio Ferson M Bautista",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1815-5284"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Oliver Musl",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8430-1684"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Markus Bacher",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4307-4849"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhicheng Xia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Julia L Azzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Antje Potthast",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1981-2271"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Rosenau",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6636-9260"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Orlando J Rojas",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4036-4020"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a2z29aqrh16v5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acs.jafc.6c03146",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13614299",
  "id": "a2z29aqrh16v5",
  "issns": [
    "0021-8561",
    "1520-5118"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916546",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2402|Tannin, Tannase and Anticancer Activities"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212125430",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13614299?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13614299",
  "pmid": "42916546",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a2z29aqrh16v5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42916546",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916546"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2402|Tannin, Tannase and Anticancer Activities",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Flavoglycans: Evidence for Covalent Proanthocyanidin-Polysaccharide Linkages in Western Redcedar Bark.",
  "title_text": "Flavoglycans: Evidence for Covalent Proanthocyanidin-Polysaccharide Linkages in Western Redcedar Bark.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a2z29aqrh16v5",
  "venue": "Journal of agricultural and food chemistry",
  "versions": []
}