{
  "abstract": "The molar-mass characterization of hydrophilic poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) is challenging due to strong polymer–column interactions and low refractive-index contrast, which limit detector sensitivity. To address these limitations, we analyzed five imidazolium-based PILs using both aqueous and organic (THF/LiTFSI) size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with polystyrene calibration or multi-angle light-scattering detection (SEC-MALS). In THF/LiTFSI, the low dn/dc values compromised sensitivity, hindering reliable molar-mass determination. We therefore screened various aqueous mobile phases to identify optimal elution conditions. Among those tested, 0.3 M formic acid yielded well-resolved polymer peaks for all five PILs, with significantly higher dn/dc values than THF/LiTFSI. Mass recoveries ranged from 60.5% to 78.5%, enabling accurate molarmass determination. The method was also qualitatively validated for poly(vinylimidazole), partially quaternized poly(vinylimidazole), and a poly(thiazolium). Overall, aqueous SEC with 0.3 M formic acid emerges as a simple, general, and efficient alternative for the SECMALS characterization of hydrophilic azolium-based homo- and co-PILs. Unlike organic SEC, this approach requires no prior counteranion exchange, thus streamlining the analytical workflow.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Zhengxin Xu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christophe Velour"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sylvain Bourasseau"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christophe Schatz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joan Vignolle",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1567-5436"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a40zcqv2wkbv8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15010921/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a40zcqv2wkbv8",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010921/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1503|Ionic liquids properties and applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223278806",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010921/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a40zcqv2wkbv8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:26Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15010921",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010921/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1503|Ionic liquids properties and applications",
      "subfield": "catalysis"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Aqueous SEC–MALS Characterization of Hydrophilic Azolium-Based Poly(ionic liquid)s in Their Native Halide Form",
  "title_text": "Aqueous SEC–MALS Characterization of Hydrophilic Azolium-Based Poly(ionic liquid)s in Their Native Halide Form",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a40zcqv2wkbv8",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}