{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nCOPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide. However, little is known about the characteristics of patients who die from COPD. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between change or persistence in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E (GOLD-E) status over time and COPD- and cardiovascular (CV)-related death.Methods\n\nPatients with COPD were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes in the French national health insurance database. Patients who died from COPD or CV diseases between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022 were matched with living COPD patients. We performed a case-control analysis to compare the impact of the change in GOLD-E status between two periods: 13-24 months (period 2 (2026)) and 0-12 months (period 1 (2025)) prior to death or the index date.Results\n\nA total of 500 673 COPD patients died during the study period. Of these, 67 250 died from COPD and 41 585 from CV events. Of the patients whose deaths were COPD related, the proportion of patients with GOLD-E 2026 status increased between the two periods (58.3% versus 79.2%), but decreased in their matched living controls (58.3% versus 36.9%). Of the patients with GOLD-E 2026 status during period 2, becoming and remaining GOLD-E 2026 within their final 12 months was associated with COPD-related death (odds ratios 5.40 (95% CI 5.03-5.79) and 4.16 (95% CI 3.87-4.48), respectively; p<0.0001).Interpretation\n\nThese data demonstrate that being GOLD-E for 2 years in a row is associated with a high risk of COPD-related death, of the same magnitude as being GOLD-E for 1 year.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Airways Unit, Department of Respiratory Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.",
    "Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm U1291, University of Toulouse, CNRS U5282, Toulouse, France.",
    "Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science (CRISALIS) French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Toulouse, France.",
    "Health Economics Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.",
    "Inserm-UMR 1295 - Centre for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), Toulouse University, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.",
    "Methodology, Data Management and Statistical Analysis Unit, Clinical Investigation Center 1436, Medical Pharmacology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Laurent Guilleminault"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Michael Mounié"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Agnès Sommet"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Nadège Costa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Axel Renoux"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Margaux Lafaurie"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6sk2xxxzv893.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1183/23120541.00442-2026",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13750588",
  "id": "a6sk2xxxzv893",
  "issns": [
    "2312-0541"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/43011938",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225303073",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13750588?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13750588",
  "pmid": "43011938",
  "published": "2026-11-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6sk2xxxzv893.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-12T15:23:59Z",
      "native_id": "MED:43011938",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/43011938"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E status prior to COPD- or cardiovascular-related death: a nationwide study.",
  "title_text": "Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease group E status prior to COPD- or cardiovascular-related death: a nationwide study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-14T03:20:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6sk2xxxzv893",
  "venue": "ERJ open research",
  "versions": []
}