{
  "abstract": "We present a catalog of 500 galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT-Deep field: a 100 deg$^2$ field that combines data from the SPT-3G and SPTpol surveys to reach noise levels of 3.0, 2.2, and 9.0 $\\mu$K-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. This is comparable to noise levels expected for the wide field survey of CMB-S4, a next-generation CMB experiment. Candidates are selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect with a minimum significance of $\\xi = 4.0$, resulting in a catalog of purity $\\sim 89 \\%$. Optical data from the Dark Energy Survey and infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope are used to confirm 442 cluster candidates. The clusters span $0.12 < z \\lesssim 1.8$ and $1.0 \\times 10^{14} M_{\\odot}/h_{70} < M_{500c} < 8.7 \\times 10^{14} M_{\\odot}/h_{70}$. The sample's median redshift is 0.74 and the median mass is $1.7 \\times 10^{14} M_{\\odot}/h_{70}$; these are the lowest median mass and highest median redshift of any SZ-selected sample to date. We assess the effect of infrared emission from cluster member galaxies on cluster selection by performing a joint fit to the infrared dust and tSZ signals by combining measurements from SPT and overlapping submillimeter data from Herschel/SPIRE. We find that at high redshift ($z>1)$, the tSZ signal is reduced by $17.4^{+3.1}_{-2.9} \\%$ ($3.7^{+0.7}_{-0.7}\\%$) at 150 GHz (95 GHz) due to dust contamination. We repeat our cluster finding method on dust-nulled SPT maps and find the resulting catalog is consistent with the nominal SPT-Deep catalog, demonstrating dust contamination does not significantly impact the SPT-Deep selection function; we attribute this lack of bias to the inclusion of the SPT 220 GHz band.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "High-Energy Physics Division",
    "University of Chicago",
    "Stanford University",
    "Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory",
    "Cardiff University",
    "Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA",
    "University of Michigan",
    "Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory",
    "University of Melbourne",
    "Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian",
    "NIST Quantum Devices Group",
    "University of Colorado",
    "University of Portsmouth",
    "Sorbonne Université",
    "IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (98bis, bd Arago - 75014 Paris France - France)",
    "University of Cincinnati",
    "University Observatory",
    "University College London",
    "SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory",
    "Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias",
    "Universidad de La Laguna",
    "Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)",
    "McGill University",
    "University of KwaZulu-Natal",
    "University of California",
    "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
    "INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste",
    "Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe",
    "University of Trieste",
    "University of Toronto",
    "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign",
    "Université Paris-Saclay",
    "AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)",
    "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
    "Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas",
    "IIT Hyderabad",
    "CIFAR Program in Gravity and the Extreme Universe",
    "Princeton University",
    "California Institute of Technology",
    "Michigan State University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2503.17271",
  "author_total": 100,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "K. Kornoelje",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6633-4519"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lindsey E. Bleem",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7665-5079"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Eli S Rykoff",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9376-3135"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "T. M. C. Abbott",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1587-3931"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Peter A. R. Ade",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5127-0401"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "M. Aguena",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5679-6747"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "O. Alves",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7394-9466"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Adam J. Anderson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4435-4623"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "F. Andrade-Oliveira",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0171-6900"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Behzad Ansarinejad",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6443-3396"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "M. Archipley",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0517-9842"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Matt L. N. Ashby",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3993-0745"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Jason E. Austermann",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6338-0069"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "D. Bacon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2562-8537"
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    {
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        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "L. Balkenhol",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6899-1873"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Matthew B. Bayliss",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1074-4807"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "James A. Beall",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1263-6738"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "K. Benabed"
    },
    {
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        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "A. N. Bender",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5868-0748"
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    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bradford A. Benson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5108-6823"
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    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "F. Bianchini",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4847-3483"
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    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "S. Bocquet"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "François R. Bouchet",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8051-2924"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "D. Brooks",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8458-5047"
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    {
      "affs": [
        18,
        2
      ],
      "name": "D. L. Burke",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1866-1950"
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    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Michael S. Calzadilla",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2238-2105"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. G. Campitiello",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5581-3349"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "E. Camphuis",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3483-8461"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "J. E. Carlstrom",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2044-7665"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        19,
        5,
        20
      ],
      "name": "Aurelio Carnero Rosell",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3044-5150"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        21
      ],
      "name": "J. Carretero",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3130-0204"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "C. L. Chang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6311-0448"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "P. Chaubal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        22,
        23
      ],
      "name": "Hsin Cynthia Chiang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4098-9533"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "P. M. Chichura",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5397-9035"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "A Chokshi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1130-6390"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "T.-L. Chou",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3091-8790"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "R. Citron"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        24
      ],
      "name": "A. Coerver",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2707-1672"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        25
      ],
      "name": "C. Corbett Moran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        26,
        27,
        28
      ],
      "name": "M. Costanzi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8158-1449"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "T. M. Crawford",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9000-5013"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        29
      ],
      "name": "Abigail T. Crites",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-4099-8842"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "L. N. da Costa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7731-277X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        30,
        31,
        32
      ],
      "name": "C. Daley",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3760-2086"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        33,
        24
      ],
      "name": "T. de Haan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5105-9473"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        34
      ],
      "name": "J. De Vicente"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        35
      ],
      "name": "S. Desai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0466-3288"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "K. R. Dibert",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7439-8726"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        36,
        22
      ],
      "name": "M. Dobbs",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7166-6422"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "P. Doel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6397-4457"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "M. Doohan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2195-0617"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "A. Doussot",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4586-7586"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        37
      ],
      "name": "D. Dutcher",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9962-2058"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Wendeline B. Everett",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5370-6651"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        38
      ],
      "name": "S. Everett"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        30
      ],
      "name": "Chang Qing Feng",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7438-5896"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        39,
        24
      ],
      "name": "K. R. Ferguson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4928-8813"
    },
    {
      "name": "Juan Mena-Fernández",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9497-7266"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Ferrero",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1295-1132"
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  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6t5zj0jbp0dz.bib",
  "cited_by": 19,
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/ae5f7b",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a6t5zj0jbp0dz",
  "issns": [
    "0004-637X",
    "1538-4357"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05015356v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.phys"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.phys.astr"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4415248312",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05015356/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-04",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6t5zj0jbp0dz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05015356",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05015356v1"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:02Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5f7b"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees",
  "title_text": "The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T13:20:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6t5zj0jbp0dz",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal",
  "versions": []
}