{
  "abstract": "Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis associated with substantial risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Scope: This comprehensive review examines the epidemiological and pathobiological links between PAD, polyvascular disease, and residual cardiovascular and limb risk. Evidence Synthesis: It summarizes contemporary evidence for integrated management through antithrombotic therapy, intensive lipid lowering, blood pressure and diabetes management, smoking cessation, structured exercise, revascularization when indicated, and longitudinal surveillance. Particular attention is given to dual-pathway inhibition, non-statin lipid-lowering agents, and cardiometabolic therapies, while distinguishing established PAD-specific benefits from subgroup or emerging evidence. Conclusions: A phenotype-based approach integrating ischemic, bleeding, metabolic, functional, and limb-related risk is proposed to support individualized treatment and sustained vascular protection.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (ProMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy.",
    "Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward. University Hospital, Policlinico \"P. Giaccone\", Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe Miceli",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4797-2523"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maria Grazia Basso"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mariagiovanna Cuffaro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Antonino Marchese"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Antonino Tuttolomondo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6440-7318"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6z671nsyg9wz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/medicina62101905",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13707036",
  "id": "a6z671nsyg9wz",
  "issns": [
    "1010-660X",
    "1648-9144"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942436",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Peripheral Artery Disease Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215697405",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13707036?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13707036",
  "pmid": "42942436",
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6z671nsyg9wz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42942436",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942436"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Peripheral Artery Disease Management",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "PAD as a Marker of Systemic Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Residual Risk and Contemporary Strategies for MACE and MALE Reduction.",
  "title_text": "PAD as a Marker of Systemic Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Residual Risk and Contemporary Strategies for MACE and MALE Reduction.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a6z671nsyg9wz",
  "venue": "Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)",
  "versions": []
}