{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Induction chemotherapy offers limited survival benefit before definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We compared induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IOC-CCRT) with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC-CCRT). Methods: This retrospective study included patients treated during 2017–2024. Propensity score matching was performed at a 2:1 ratio. Overall survival, progression-free survival, failure patterns, and treatment-related adverse events were evaluated. Results: Among 333 patients, 228 received IOC-CCRT and 105 received IC-CCRT. In the full cohort, IOC-CCRT was associated with better overall survival (p = 0.009) and progression-free survival (p = 0.005). After matching, 220 patients were included (141 IOC-CCRT and 79 IC-CCRT); IOC-CCRT remained associated with better overall survival (p = 0.0027) and progression-free survival (p = 0.0012). The 36-month overall survival rates were 59.0% versus 41.6%, and progression-free survival rates were 49.7% versus 28.0%. Overall failure occurred in 27.7% versus 39.2% of patients (p = 0.077). In multivariable analyses, the associations with progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–1.03; p = 0.075) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.14; p = 0.234) were not statistically significant. Grade 3 or higher neutropenia was more frequent with IOC-CCRT (31.9% versus 16.5%; p = 0.013); no grade ≥ 3 radiation pneumonitis occurred. Conclusions: IOC-CCRT was associated with improved unadjusted survival outcomes and increased selected severe toxicities compared with IC-CCRT. Prospective randomized trials are warranted.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiayue Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Deng",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1778-2013"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xin Dong",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-9322-8560"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuting Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leilei Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liuhua Long",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7576-0926"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yue Teng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dan Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiayi Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiao Chang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0560-2441"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huiming Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anhui Shi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Weihu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rong Yu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a7adh9rzyzjhe.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15208121",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a7adh9rzyzjhe",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8121",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222918960",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a7adh9rzyzjhe.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:01Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15208121",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8121"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Induction Chemoimmunotherapy Versus Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Study",
  "title_text": "Induction Chemoimmunotherapy Versus Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a7adh9rzyzjhe",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}