{
  "abstract": "Sol-gel synthesis is a versatile method for producing inorganic materials that offers advantages such as atomic-level mixing and lower processing temperatures over traditional solid-state methods. Despite these benefits, achieving phase purity remains a challenge due to the process's sensitivity to synthesis parameters such as precursor choice, solvent selection, and heating conditions. Negative results, such as phase-impure outcomes, are essential for understanding sol-gel reaction pathways, but are largely absent from existing curated datasets. This work leverages Gemini 3.0 Flash to construct a text-mined inorganic sol-gel database with phase purity information. The dataset contains ~148,000 synthesis records, including ~28,000 phase-impure entries. All extracted entities achieved F1 scores greater than 0.89. At the record level, 68% of extracted records match human annotation on all evaluated fields. Furthermore, to validate the scientific utility of our dataset, we demonstrate that the aggregated data reproduces previously reported phase-purity trends for BiFeO 3 thin films.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Lawrence Berkeley National Lab",
    "Energy Technologies Area",
    "Department of Materials Science and Engineering",
    "Northwestern University",
    "University of California,",
    "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
    "Molecular Foundry",
    "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Wesley Y. Chen",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-7264-5914"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sanghoon Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Tim Kodalle"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        7,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Philothei Sahinidis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Gerbrand Ceder"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Carolin M. Sutter-Fella"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Anubhav Jain"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a7qhby8frw3y8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15006472/v2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a7qhby8frw3y8",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15006472/v2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Machine Learning in Materials Science"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7169829269",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15006472/v2",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a7qhby8frw3y8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15006472",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15006472/v2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Machine Learning in Materials Science",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Text-mined dataset of sol-gel synthesis protocols with phase purity outcomes using large language models",
  "title_text": "Text-mined dataset of sol-gel synthesis protocols with phase purity outcomes using large language models",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a7qhby8frw3y8",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1038/s41597-026-08492-6",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}