{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased worldwide over recent decades, particularly for well-differentiated histological subtypes, a trend largely attributed to overdiagnosis. Given potential geographical differences, this study analyzed TC incidence and temporal trends in the province of Girona, Spain, between 2002 and 2021. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Girona Cancer Registry. Crude incidence rates (CRs), age-standardized incidence rates using the 2013 European (ASRe) and the 1960 World (ASRw) standard populations were calculated per 100,000 person-years. Temporal trends were assessed via the annual percentage change (APC) using generalized linear models. Results: A total of 998 incident TC cases were identified. Most patients were women (78.0%), with a median age at diagnosis of 48 years. Papillary TC was the predominant histological subtype (81.7%), and 70.6% of cases were diagnosed at Stage I. The overall ASRe was 6.8 and ASRw was 5.5, with incidence rates 3-4 times higher in women than in men. Overall, TC incidence increased significantly (APC: 2.7%), driven by increases in the 35-44 and ≥55 age groups, papillary histology, and early-stage disease (Stages I-II). Conclusions: The rise in TC incidence in Girona over the last two decades has been largely driven by Stage I papillary tumors, in both sexes, supporting a potentially substantial contribution of overdiagnosis. However, the concurrent increase in Stage II disease warrants continued surveillance, as it may reflect additional risk factors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain.",
    "Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumours Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Integrated Cancer Registries Service (SIRC), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.",
    "Research Group on Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention, Girona Biomedical Research Institute Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI-CERCA), 17190 Salt, Spain.",
    "Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.",
    "Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 17004 Girona, Spain.",
    "Department of Computer Science, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain.",
    "Medical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain.",
    "Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI-CERCA), 17190 Girona, Spain.",
    "CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.",
    "Medical Oncology Departament, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria Ayala-Conte"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Neus Basté"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Jan Trallero",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-8283-9966"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Arantza Sanvisens",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6269-5491"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Montse Puigdemont",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9961-3699"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Anna Vidal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Aina Romaguera"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Wali Guan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Mercè Fernández-Balsells",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8221-4237"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Rafael Marcos-Gragera",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9824-3657"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        9,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Jordi Rubió-Casadevall",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3516-6970"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        9,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Josefina Biarnés",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-3775-3339"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a81616h5r7vjf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/cancers18193146",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13664602",
  "id": "a81616h5r7vjf",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6694"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882840",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214715271",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13664602?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13664602",
  "pmid": "42882840",
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a81616h5r7vjf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42882840",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882840"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Thyroid Cancer Incidence in North-East Spain, 2002-2021: A Population-Based Study.",
  "title_text": "Thyroid Cancer Incidence in North-East Spain, 2002-2021: A Population-Based Study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a81616h5r7vjf",
  "venue": "Cancers",
  "versions": []
}