{
  "abstract": "The Transient Climate Response to cumulative Emissions (TCRE) is the cornerstone of estimates of carbon emissions budgets to future warming targets, characterising the near-linear relationship between the increase in global mean temperature and cumulative emissions of CO ₂ . TCRE is derived from highly sophisticated Earth System Models (ESMs) - some, however, lack important processes known to have a large impact on TCRE. Here, we use multiple configurations of UKESM, a full-complexity ESM, to estimate how TCRE of 11 ESMs that participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 would change if each included six terrestrial carbon cycle related processes present in UKESM, such as nitrogen limitation of photosynthesis and fire-vegetation interactions. We find that accounting for processes not included in the models increases their TCRE by an average of 21.4% implying a reduction of 16.0% ± 0.8% in the carbon budget for the transition from 1.5 °C to 2 °C.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Spencer K. Liddicoat",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5145-7153"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chris D. Jones",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7141-9285"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lina M. Mercado",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4069-0838"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eddy Robertson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1292-1873"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephen Sitch",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1821-8561"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andy Wiltshire",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7307-173X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8e7aapndk3h1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s43247-026-04111-9",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a8e7aapndk3h1",
  "issns": [
    "2662-4435"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-04111-9",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Climate variability and models"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223473157",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-04111-9_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8e7aapndk3h1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:54Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s43247-026-04111-9",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-04111-9"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Climate variability and models",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Emulating absent land processes reduces carbon budgets in CMIP6 models",
  "title_text": "Emulating absent land processes reduces carbon budgets in CMIP6 models",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8e7aapndk3h1",
  "venue": "Communications Earth & Environment",
  "versions": []
}