{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nIn horses, anaesthetic recovery is evaluated using subjective scales. Previous studies examined the influence of scale type and evaluator-related factors but the impact of operator perception (unconscious bias) has received limited attention.Objectives\n\nTo analyse the influence of operator perception on recovery scoring.Methods\n\nAnaesthetic recoveries at an equine hospital (May 2019-May 2023) were assessed in real time (RT) by attending anaesthetists and retrospectively using video recordings (VR) by a single evaluator. Horses aged 1 - 21 years undergoing a single anesthetic procedure with complete video recordings were included. Recovery quality was scored using a simple scale (SS; 1 = excellent to 5 = dangerous) and a detailed scale (DS; 0 = very violent to 5 = no ataxia). RT and VR were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A secondary analysis included only cases evaluated by the same anaesthetist in both conditions. Exploratory analyses assessed influences of time of day, procedure, anaesthesia duration, number of standing attempts and grouped recovery categories. Analyses were performed using SPSS (IBM) (p < 0.05).Results\n\nOf 262 recoveries, 154 met inclusion criteria. VR scores were significantly worse than RT assessment for both scales [SS: 2 (IQR: 1); DS: 4 (IQR: 1)], including same-evaluator cases [SS: 2 (IQR: 2); DS: 4 (IQR: 1)]. Discrepancies persisted across most subgroups but were not observed in unsatisfactory recoveries, or for DS scores during nighttime or horses presenting ≥3 standing attempts.Conclusions\n\nAnaesthetists tend to assign more favourable scores when evaluating their own patients in RT, suggesting an optimism bias.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain",
    "Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leire Benavente-Sánchez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marta Villalba-Díez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carla Jaen-Garcia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Isabel Santiago-Llorente"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "María Villalba-Orero"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8m9fdyv7x8mr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.vas.2026.100899",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13718388/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "a8m9fdyv7x8mr",
  "issns": [
    "2451-943X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13718388",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3404|Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222277785",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13718388/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13718388",
  "pmid": "42959803",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8m9fdyv7x8mr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:38Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13718388",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13718388"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959803",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959803"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:22:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13718388",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2026.100899"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F11",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Influence of the anaesthetist´s perception on the evaluation of recovery quality in horses undergoing general anaesthesia",
  "title_text": "Influence of the anaesthetist´s perception on the evaluation of recovery quality in horses undergoing general anaesthesia",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:22:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8m9fdyv7x8mr",
  "venue": "Veterinary and animal science",
  "versions": []
}