{
  "abstract": "We investigate whether a minimal $\\mathbb{Z}_4$-symmetric fermion-scalar extension of the Standard Model can simultaneously realise viable dark matter, a strong electroweak phase transition, and a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. The model contains a real scalar singlet and a Dirac fermion, allowing thermal two-component dark matter, mixed WIMP-FIMP histories, and an effectively fermionic relic abundance generated by scalar decays. We impose theoretical consistency, the correct electroweak vacuum, and dark-matter constraints from relic density, direct detection, and invisible Higgs decays before using the surviving points as input for the finite-temperature analysis. This reveals that the compatibility between dark matter and a strong first-order electroweak phase transition is highly selective. After current dark-matter constraints are imposed, the strong-transition criterion along the Higgs direction is satisfied only in two viable regimes: the thermal two-component case with $M_ψ<M_S<2M_ψ$ and the decay-driven WIMP-FIMP case with $M_S>2M_ψ$. By contrast, the thermal regime with $M_S<M_ψ$ and the stable mixed WIMP-FIMP scenario with $M_S<2M_ψ$ are largely concentrated at small portal couplings or near the Higgs-resonance region, and do not yield a strong transition in the parameter space considered. The successful transitions typically proceed through an intermediate singlet-like phase. For representative nucleating benchmark points in the viable strong-transition regions, we compute the gravitational-wave spectra from sound waves and turbulence. Some spectra overlap the projected sensitivity curves of future space-based interferometers, indicating potentially observable signals in selected dark-matter-compatible regions where a sufficiently active Higgs portal appears in correlated combination with the scalar mass and the remaining dark sector parameters.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Journal reference: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2026, 09 (Sept. 2026), p. 121",
  "arxiv": "2606.11564",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "J. P. Carvalho-Corrêa"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. P. Cunha-Melo"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. M. Pereira"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. L. Sánchez-Vega"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. C. D. Viglioni"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8rgx51qdtkvk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.11564",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a8rgx51qdtkvk",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11564",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.11564",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8rgx51qdtkvk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
      "native_id": "2606.11564",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11564"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Strong First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition and Gravitational Waves in a $\\mathbb{Z}_4$ Fermion-Scalar Dark Matter Model",
  "title_text": "Strong First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition and Gravitational Waves in a ℤ_4 Fermion-Scalar Dark Matter Model",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8rgx51qdtkvk",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1088/1475-7516/2026/09/121",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}