{
  "abstract": "Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) created outside the heliospheric termination shock are observed at 1 au by heliospheric observatories IBEX and IMAP. These atoms are subjected to ionization losses underway between their birth and detection sites. Consequently, to infer the ENA flux distribution at their entrance inside the termination shock, the observed maps must be appropriately corrected. Here we provide a pedagogical review of the issue of probabilities of survival of ENAs on their travel to the detector, including presentation of the loss reactions, derivation of survival probabilities from first principles and their dependence on the ENA energy, solar activity phase, viewing geometry, etc. We present results of simulations of survival probabilities of ENAs for the past two solar cycles for the energy range and viewing geometry of IMAP. For the first time, we discuss the probabilities for the lowest energies, below 0.2 keV, and the highest, between ∼4 and 300 keV. We point out correlations introduced to the observed ENA maps both within individual maps and between maps for different energies and elongation angles of the detectors. We also identify the most favorable times during the solar activity cycle and viewing geometries to maximize the likelihood of detection of the lowest-energy ENAs. The paper explains the survival probability product, i.e., L3e data from the IMAP GLOWS experiment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Space Research Centre PAS (CBK PAN)",
    "Los Alamos National Laboratory",
    "Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory",
    "Princeton University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. Bzowski",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3957-2359"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. A. Kubiak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5204-9645"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "C. Porowski",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8252-4104"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "I. Kowalska-Leszczynska",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6569-3800"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. Strumik",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3484-2970"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "D. B. Reisenfeld",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1874-9450"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "N. A. Schwadron",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3737-9283"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "M. Gkioulidou",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9979-2164"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "D. J. McComas",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6160-1158"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8vmb0cqrdc0w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4365/ae9b02",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "a8vmb0cqrdc0w",
  "issns": [
    "0067-0049",
    "1538-4365"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ae9b02",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221796498",
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ae9b02/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8vmb0cqrdc0w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3847/1538-4365/ae9b02",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ae9b02"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Survival Probabilities of Heliospheric Energetic Neutral Atoms Observed by the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP)",
  "title_text": "Survival Probabilities of Heliospheric Energetic Neutral Atoms Observed by the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a8vmb0cqrdc0w",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series",
  "versions": []
}