{
  "abstract": "Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains central to lipid-based cardiovascular risk assessment, but LDL-C alone may not fully capture residual atherogenic lipoprotein burden. Small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is influenced by LDL-C and triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein metabolism, and elevated sdLDL-C may be overlooked when LDL-C is not elevated. Whether LDL-C/sdLDL-C discordance differs by sex across TG strata remains unclear. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1879 Japanese adults undergoing annual health check-ups in 2020. The primary analysis included participants with LDL-C <140 mg/dL. Discordance was defined as sdLDL-C ≥35 mg/dL. Discordance prevalence was compared between men and women overall and across TG strata. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL), high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol (HDL2-C), high-density lipoprotein 3 cholesterol (HDL3-C), the HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio, and high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) were compared by discordance status. Results: Among participants with LDL-C <140 mg/dL, discordance was more frequent in men than in women [259/917 (28.2%) vs. 42/438 (9.6%), P < 0.001]. This sex difference persisted at TG < 150 mg/dL [16.0% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.001] and TG < 100 mg/dL [7.5% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.0015], but not at TG ≥ 150 mg/dL [74.1% vs. 71.4%, P = 0.835]. Discordant participants had higher ApoB and MDA-LDL and lower HDL2-C, HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio, and HMW-adiponectin. Conclusions: LDL-C/sdLDL-C discordance was more frequent in men, particularly in lower TG strata, and was accompanied by an adverse atherogenic lipid profile.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1838 Ishikawa-Machi, Hachioji, 192-0032, Tokyo, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kengo Moriyama"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a92505ghascdy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.athplu.2026.100616",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089526000714",
  "id": "a92505ghascdy",
  "issns": [
    "2667-0895",
    "2667-0909"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2026.100616",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC666-701"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221511704",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721921/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721921",
  "pmid": "42965143",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a92505ghascdy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:23Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2026.100616"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13721921",
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      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13721921"
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    {
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      "native_id": "PMC13721921",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athplu.2026.100616"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sex-related patterns of LDL-C/small dense LDL-C discordance among Japanese adults with non-elevated LDL-C",
  "title_text": "Sex-related patterns of LDL-C/small dense LDL-C discordance among Japanese adults with non-elevated LDL-C",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a92505ghascdy",
  "venue": "Atherosclerosis Plus",
  "versions": []
}