{
  "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate the validity and correlates of inaccurate clinically diagnosed moderate/severe ICD-10 major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychiatric comorbidities in adult inpatients.\n\nMethods: The multicenter Patient Characteristics, Validity of Clinical Diagnoses and Outcomes Associated with Suicidality in Inpatients with Symptoms of Depression (OASIS-D) study enrolled 18- to 75-year-old inpatients with MDD who underwent assessments for clinical, illness, and treatment characteristics, including the Mini-International-Neuropsychiatric-Interview (MINI). False-positive clinically MDD diagnoses were characterized via MINI. Diagnostic agreement between clinical and MINI-based psychiatric comorbidities was assessed with kappa-statistic.\n\nResults: Among 401 patients (median age = 33.0 years; female = 57.1%), 42 (10.5%) were false positive for MDD (i.e., different primary diagnosis). Reasons for misdiagnosing MDD exclusive to false-positive cases included bipolar disorder (45.2%), subsyndromal depression (16.7%), and physical illness-related/substance use disorder (SUD)-related depression (4.8%), whereas missed diagnoses that could also occur in true-positive, MINI-based MDD patients included primary SUDs (23.8%) and primary anxiety disorders (9.5%). Among comorbidities, greatest disagreement between clinical and MINI-based research diagnoses existed for antisocial personality disorder (0% vs. 5.2%, κ =0), followed by anxiety disorders (7.5% vs. 45.1%, κ =0.17), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.0% vs. 8.7%, κ =0.27), SUDs (11.0% vs. 28.4%, κ =0.29), eating disorders (3.5% vs. 7.2%, κ =0.39), and posttraumatic stress disorder (10.7% vs. 23.7%, κ =0.40).\n\nConclusions: Bipolar depression and SUDs contributed to two thirds of misdiagnosed MDD. Missed comorbidities included mostly anxiety disorders, SUDs, and PTSD. Accurate diagnostic assessment, including longitudinal history, is essential to reduce misdiagnosis and ensure guideline-based treatment for psychiatric disorders in MDD inpatients.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany",
    "German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany",
    "Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany",
    "German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany",
    "Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany",
    "Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany",
    "Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany",
    "German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany",
    "Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany",
    "The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 29,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Viktor Benjamin Nöhles",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6083-8468"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Till Julius Adam"
    },
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        2
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      "name": "Felix Bermpohl"
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        2
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      "name": "Nikola Schoofs"
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        2
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      "name": "Rouven Bathe-Peters"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2
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      "name": "Nina Hilpert"
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    {
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        3
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      "name": "Forugh Salimi Dafsari"
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    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Peter Falkai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Cornelius Schüle"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Elena Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Christine Reif-Leonhard"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Andreas Reif"
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    {
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        7
      ],
      "name": "Susanne Schillo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Rabia Sana Arshad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Patricia Getty"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Christian Otte"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Dominique Piber"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Livia Graumann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Sebastian Weyn-Banningh"
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    {
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        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Mazda Adli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "René Papenfuß"
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    {
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        12,
        13
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      "name": "Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Fritze"
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    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Michael Bauer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Ute Lewitzka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Maik Spreer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Clemens Karl Krug"
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    {
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        15
      ],
      "name": "Kerstin Rubarth"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        16,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Christoph Ulrich Correll"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a94bk95509wbz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1017/s109285292610100x",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732589/",
  "id": "a94bk95509wbz",
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  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
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      "Original Research"
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      "2736|Treatment of Major Depression"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F1DB74037BC08809A203E17BCCFE8DC9/S109285292610100Xa.pdf/div-class-title-frequency-and-correlates-of-inaccurate-psychiatric-diagnoses-in-401-adults-hospitalized-for-major-depressive-disorder-a-comparison-of-clinical-versus-research-interview-based-diagnoses-div.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13732589",
  "pmid": "42260735",
  "published": "2026-06-09",
  "publisher": "Cambridge University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a94bk95509wbz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:33Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13732589",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s109285292610100x"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2736|Treatment of Major Depression",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
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  ],
  "title": "Frequency and correlates of inaccurate psychiatric diagnoses in 401 adults hospitalized for major depressive disorder: a comparison of clinical versus research interview-based diagnoses",
  "title_text": "Frequency and correlates of inaccurate psychiatric diagnoses in 401 adults hospitalized for major depressive disorder: a comparison of clinical versus research interview-based diagnoses",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a94bk95509wbz",
  "venue": "CNS Spectrums",
  "versions": []
}