{
  "abstract": "Purpose\n\nChildren with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) face a disproportionate cariogenic burden, yet the role of oral Candida and its partnership with cariogenic bacteria remains poorly quantified. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised observational evidence on oral Candida colonisation, cariogenic bacterial carriage, and clinical caries outcomes in non-syndromic CL/P, with GRADE-rated certainty.Methods\n\nFollowing PRISMA 2020 and the Cochrane Handbook (PROSPERO CRD420261402624), six databases were searched from inception to 27 May 2026. Eligible studies were observational designs enrolling children aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic CL/P versus non-cleft controls. Risk of bias used ROBINS-E. Random-effects meta-analyses (DerSimonian-Laird) pooled risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and standardised mean differences (SMD) for continuous caries indices, with GRADE certainty.Results\n\nTen studies (2011-2026; 421 CL/P vs 567 controls) were included. Oral Candida carriage was nearly threefold higher in CL/P (RR 2.94, 95% CI 2.04-4.22; I ² = 23.4%; k = 4), with C. albicans predominant. High salivary Streptococcus mutans counts were similarly elevated (RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.42-5.27; I ² = 0%), whereas Lactobacillus carriage showed no significant difference (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.71-2.47). Caries indices were directionally higher in three of four datasets but highly heterogeneous (SMD 0.74; I ² = 92.3%). GRADE certainty was Low to Very Low.Conclusion\n\nCL/P children carry elevated oral Candida and S. mutans burdens, supporting an early fungal-bacterial cariogenic shift. Candida assessment should be integrated into caries-risk evaluation from the deciduous-dentition stage within the multidisciplinary cleft pathway.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.",
    "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Muhammadiyah University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia.",
    "Department of Orthodontics and Dentocraniofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.",
    "Department of Orthodontics and Dentocraniofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Muhammadiyah University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia.",
    "Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.",
    "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Irpan Hendrawan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Elsa Ayu Amanda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ita Purnama Alwi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Husni Mubarak"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Irham Taufiqurrahman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Andi Tajrin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9bkm1t3shzvk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101555",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677225",
  "id": "a9bkm1t3shzvk",
  "issns": [
    "2212-4268",
    "2212-4276"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894730",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1311|Cleft Lip and Palate Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221154398",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677225?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13677225",
  "pmid": "42894730",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9bkm1t3shzvk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42894730",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894730"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1311|Cleft Lip and Palate Research",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Oral Candida colonisation and cariogenic bacteria in children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
  "title_text": "Oral Candida colonisation and cariogenic bacteria in children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/a9bkm1t3shzvk",
  "venue": "Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research",
  "versions": []
}